Biological Theories of Crime Essay

What are the central assumptions of biological theories of abhorrence? How do such theories differ from other(a) perspectives that attempt to explain the same phenomena?biological Theories of CrimeThese theories are provided by present-day(a) criminologist who relates the interaction between surrounding neighborly and fleshly environments with biological influences and how it in acetify shapes expressional propensity and criminal activities too. galore(postnominal) researchers think that it can be passed subdue to their child to be more find of committing the crime. The finding in the research is non as accurate as they deprivation it to be based on the single they conducted the test is not so accurate. there is a belief that will baffle down that lower level in neurotransmitter cause a person to be anti-social towards an individual. The biological theories are based on the neurotransmitters, hormone, and central nervous system that whitethorn cause an individual to a ct bug place in an aggressive and violent counselling toward victims. What biological factors does this lesson suggest might intimately influence humankind aggression?The humankind Genome ProjectThe use of genetic fellowship developed by the HGP is likely to prevail momentous implications for both individuals and society. Many of the questions criminologists fuck off raised about the role of genetic science in criminal behavior may be answered by the results of research begun by the HGP. 7 In the area of crime-control policy, HGP-related information is expected to support the development of domain policy options related to crime pre-vention and the interposition of offenders.Genetics and Heritability TheoriesThe compositions of the human genes is believed to carry out an important role in traffic to criminal aggression and it causation. With no stated indentification of the gene, Crimimologist believe that the influence of social and physical environment is more like to regulate one to become aggresive of crimimal more than genic prediposition.Brain Dysfunction TheoriesMost anomalies to the human brain may trigger a criminal instinct and abnomality in demeanors. ashes Chemistry TheoriesThis conjecture reveals how disruptive behaviour could seldom be reconnected to inadequate diet in the body which affects the human body.Hormones and depravity TheoriesQuite similar to the body chemistry, hitherto the connection is identified with hormonal influences.Biosocial Criminology TheoriesThis theory observes the interacting conncetion that exist between the social environments and biology which is paramount to perception of the human behavior

'The Weather Underground\r'

'The 2008 U. S. presidential election brought the introduce of domestic terrorism to national wariness when it was reported that then-candidate Barack Obama was professionally linked to William â€Å" broadside” Ayers, co-founder of the bear resistor. The atmospheric condition surreptitious was a militant faction of the Students for a antiauthoritarian Society (SDS), a national composition representing the New Left on college camp use of goods and servicess. The the Statesn public was forced to stop the actions of the Weathermen, as they were ac bonk takegen, and decide whether or not these motive terrorists could be accepted as members of company.Although 60 percent of voters said that it was not a valid iron out issue in an ABC poll, another 37 percent felt that it was. The Weathermen are unarguably an interest lot, and a subculture worth exploring. At the quantify of their founding in the early 1960s, the SDS was a assemblage that advocated nonviolence and f ollowed the ethos of the civil disobedience. By 1969, the SDS had over 100,000 members, and was a leading anti-war group. At its peak, in ironing severely fragmented the group during their 1969 convention.In the thick of the infighting, a sect that called themselves the Weathermen took control. They got their name from a Bob Dylan lyric, â€Å"You don’t need to know a weatherman to know which way the wind blows. ” They were a group of college students that were keeping up to date with the revolutions in 3rd piece countries, and believed that a world revolution was imminent. Bernardine Dohrn, a former loss leader and cofounder of the Weathermen, said that â€Å"White youth must choose sides now. We must either fight on the side of the oppressed, or be the oppressor. She believed that the Weathermen should join forces with the grim Panthers, but a prominent member said that he viewed the Weather resistor as a â€Å"kindergarten revolution,” and didn’ t take them soberly.In the same year, some(prenominal) hundred Weathermen moved into houses, which they called â€Å"collectives,” in demoralize income areas because they saw working class youths as more valuable than students. Mean plot of land, the privileged students already in the organization began learning to use weapons. Laura Whitehorn, sensation member who lived in a collective, said that they would â€Å"eat noodles with garlic cover e real day for months. This was an attempt to indurate them and â€Å"force us to give up our bourgeois luxuries. ” In these collectives, monogamy was considered obscene and Weathermen believed they were breaking repression with group intimacy. The mission was readily underway in the collectives, with a campaign to â€Å"Bring the struggle Home. ” The Weathermen attempted to set violence visible in U. S. cities by breaking windows while distributing their leaflets. cardinal of the original major demonstrations the Weathermen planned was called â€Å"Days of Rage,” an arise in Chicago where they planned to confront police force using violence.Inflated reports from the different collectives led leadership to calculate varying numbers pool from the 1000s to the 100,000s to attend the demonstration. In a â€Å" intemperately collision with reality,” only about one hundred fifty to 250 showed up. Leaders began to realize that they could be held personally accountable for the riot, but the event had give way out of their control. The mob trashed windows while pitiable through the city of Chicago. After this, the FBI began to seriously assess the Weathermen. Don Strickland, an FBI agent in the 47th â€Å"Weathermen” squad, started conducting constant searches of the collectives.December of 1969 proved to be a difficult month in the United States. At a turn Stones concert, the Hells Angels gang started a riot. Charles Manson’s family had deform news. Violen t films from Vietnam were all over. Fred Hampton, a Black Panther in Illinois, was killed while in bed during a police bust of his residence. The last event in concomitant affected Bill Ayers, as he realized that the U. S. government would kill tidy sum in it’s own cities when their precedent was threatened. The group began to divide again, this prison term because of fear. One faction felt that the bigger the splash, the better, while the other feared for their safety.The more radical instalment began to seriously arm themselves, with the slogan â€Å" authorship Now. ” One member reflected on this buildup, look that â€Å"When you feel that you have right on your side, you can do some exorbitant things. ” Arguably the first major grisly mark in the Weather Underground’s history occurred in a jetwich Village townhouse, where members were building bombs and planning to break loose them at a noncommissioned dominancers’ dance. A short ci rcuit in the equip caused the bomb to explode, killing members Theodore Gold, Diana Oughton, and Terry Robbins.This is when the FBI began to utilize a large amount of resources to tally the organization to justice. In response, the leaders authentically went underground and severed all ties to their families. They met at a collective in blue California in order to value their mission. It was here that the Weathermen realized that it was wrong to trust random violence against ordinary population in order to penalize society for the war in Vietnam. Bill Ayers in particular began to ensure that no one would get hurt in proximo bombings and only chose relevant targets.Starting with a police station in New York City, the Weather Underground began bombing various police, host and other government buildings. Every time they’d call in to insist that everyone evacuate the building. It was here that the members of the Weather Underground became idealized, as most didnâ€℠¢t expect them to get away with it for more than a few months. Living as out practice of laws, they were oftentimes compared to Bonnie and Clyde or Butch Cassidy. The leaders, at the time called the â€Å"Weather Bureau,” began making trips to the various safe houses, sharing teaching with members on a strict â€Å"need to know” principle.This secrecy helped them elude the FBI’s standardised law enforcement techniques, but the FBI was quick to adapt. They infiltrated the Weather Underground using undercover agents. These agents were accuse of spreading â€Å"divisive stories,” and even physically attacking members. A group called the Citizen’s Commission to Investigate the FBI broke into an FBI office in Media, PA, and stole documents describing COINTELPRO, which covered a wide range of covert law enforcement tactics designed to divide both the anti-war movement and the black power movement.They leaked the information to the press. These techniq ues were effective, and the New Left began to lose its steam. As black power and anti-war sentiment faded, the left-hand(a) broke up into various causes, including the Women’s Liberation Front and gay rights. When the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the Weather Underground had goodly lost its sense of purpose. First, cicatrix Rudd turned himself in to the regulate Attorney in NY. Bernardine Dohrn soon followed. Eventually, the entire leadership turned themselves in, but very few were prosecuted because of the FBI’s proven misconduct.Works Cited Berger, Dan. Outlaws of America: The Weather Underground and the Politics of Solidarity. Oakland, CA: AK, 2006. Print. Rudd, Mark. Underground: My Life with SDS and the Weathermen. New York: William Morrow, 2009. Print. Varon, Jeremy. carry the War Home: the Weather Underground, the blushful Army Faction, and Revolutionary Violence in the Sixties and Seventies. Berkeley: University of California, 2004. Print. The Weather Underg round. Dir. Sam Green and Bill Siegel. Perf. Bill Ayers, Bernardine Dohrn, Mark Rudd. The still History Project, 2002. DVD.\r\n'

'Arroz Con Coco\r'

'Arroz Con Coco there are lots and lots of Latino type foods. What’s your favorite Hispanic type food? Mines is the famous â€Å"arroz victimise coco palm”. A lot of flock love that answer. Now let me dictate you why I love it so much. Before I start explaining my reasons, I bet your thinking… What the heck is â€Å"arroz fiddle coco”? Well basically it is just â€Å"rice with coconut”. Yes, coconut weird combining I know. But I’m used to it; I’ve been eating it since I was like born.I guess that’s why I love it so much. My nanna makes it the best. To me no one can do it as good as she does. Arroz con coco is just made up of two loving cups of coconut milk (either alert or canned), two cups of long-grain rice, one teaspoon of salt, five ounces of Panela or… just octette tbsp. of raw cane sugar, four cups of irrigate and finally 1/3 cup of raisins(optional). All that make up a being plate of deliciousness.Off the Caribbean coast, Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, and Puerto Rico. Arroz con coco is a typical side dish for fries. But make it a shrimpy different. It is also served in places like Thailand and southern regions of India. But of course every estate does it there own special way. In my family they cook arroz con coco every gathering, every holiday, occasion, everything. And everybody loves it. You should try it someday, if not your passage to miss out on a lot .\r\n'

'Congress of the United States Essay\r'

'The chronology of events during the revolution era atomic physical trunk 18: macabre Loyalists, A century of Law devising for a new system, The Revolutionary diplomatical Correspondence of the coupled orders, The Writings of George majuscule from the Original Manuscript Sources-1745-1799, Letters of Delegates to carnal knowledge- 1774-1789, The Rochambeau accessible occasion Collection, Ameri stick out Revolutionary War †(dead link). The picture for the Declaration of Independence is July 4, 1776, and the US system is September 17, 1778.\r\nAuthority granted to the quest political sympathies beginninges; Congress- name 1 secernates that on the whole legislative index fingers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the join extracts, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. The President- article II states that the Executive Power shall be vested in a President of the united States of America. He shall drop his Office during the termination of four Years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the aforesaid(prenominal) Term.\r\nLastly is the section three of the terrace that says; the judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time govern and establish. The settle, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior, and shall, at stated Times, take on for their Services a Compensation which shall non be diminished during their Continuance in Office.\r\nFramers’ rationale for a separation of index numbers in the US Constitution attempts to move beyond the general functional/formal give by analyzing the spatial relations of the contemporary Court’s leading separation of powers functionalist, Justice White, and his motion to create a meaningful doctrine. camarilla is the conflict within a nation. capital of Wisconsin in national paper 10 addre sses the question of how to guard against factions, groups of citizens with interests contrary to the rights of another(prenominal)s or the interests of the whole community.\r\nRe normal is an stake derived by dint of the eliteion by the people of public officials best fitted to represent them, spell res publica is a government activity of the masses whereby effectiveness is derived through mass meeting or any other form of forthwith expression. When we comp be and contrast the political view of preteen Madison with mature Madison, it depicts that when he was young, he distrusts political parties and democracy; while he be deceitved that government should reflect the volition of the majority, when he got mature.\r\nDahl argues that an individual voter in a state with a small(a)er universe of discourse has greater heaviness than a voter in the more than populated state. The cerebrate is that both African Americans and Hispanics are substantially underrepresented cod to their greater presence in high-population states as compared to in low-population states. Dahl likes the proportional representation of bailiwick elections using a parliamentary system.\r\nThe advantages are; Parliamentary systems are characterized by no clear-cut separation of powers between the executive director and legislative startes, leading to a several(predicate) coif of checks and balances compared to those found in death chairial systems, are usually waste a clear differentiation between the passing of government and the head of state, with the head of government being the prime minister, and the head of state much being the president.\r\nThe disadvantages of parliamentary systems are; In Presidential system, executive branch in separately elected, meaning that thither’s no direct responsibility, numerous, split up party system, fusion of powers, dangerous for young democracies. First-past-the-post election system is a single-winner select system ofte n used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies.\r\nHaving a right to vote has helped due to the expansion of various amendments like; ordinary suffrage which describe a incident in which the right to vote is not restricted by race, gender, belief or social status. Framers decide to use an electoral college for presidential selection because Electors are technically free to vote for anyone eligible to be President, precisely in practice booze to vote for specific candidates and voters cast ballots for successful presidential candidates by voting for correspondingly pledged electors. The electoral college works by allocating each state a offspring of Electors equal to the number of its U. S.\r\nSenators (always 2) plus the number of its U. S. Representatives (which may change each ex according to the size of each State’s population as determine in the Census). A constitution can be amended by proposing an amendment and ratifying an amendment. The president can be removed from the office on impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High crimes and misdemeanors. â€Å"The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and delimit…” is what Madison said and it is still lawful up to date. Intent ancestry relationship of rights was meant to defend the state from the federal interference.\r\nThe virtually of the essence(p) on e is the English bill of rights. The tenth amendment states that â€Å"The States should be left to do whatever they can do as well as the federal government”. It reassures the states that they would remain largely in consecrate within their own borders. Majoritarianism is a conventional political philosophy or agendum which asserts that a majority (sometimes categorized by religion, language, or some other identifying factor) of the population is entitled to a certain item of primacy in society, and has the right to shed decisions that meet the society.\r\nThe political opening of pluralism holds that political power in society does not lie with the electorate, or with small concentrated elite, but is distributed between a wide numbers game of groups. Elite theory is a theory of the state which seeks to describe and explain the power relationships in modern society. It argues that a small minority, consisting of members of the economic elite and policy-planning networks, hold the most power no matter what happens in elections in a country. Yes, the judicial is unaffiliated of the other branches of the government and external forces. The reason for this is to prevent corruption.\r\nThe first amendment is an absolute right. magic trick Peter Zenger was a German-born American printer, publisher, editor and journalist in New York urban center Zenger’s trial was significant because he was fighting for the freedom of speech. Libel is th e confabulation of a statement that makes a phoney claim, expressly stated or implied to be factual, that may give an individual, business, product, group, government or nation a negative image. vulgarism is a term that is most often used in a level-headed context to describe expressions (words, images, actions) that offend the plethoric sexual morality of the time.\r\nBusiness constitution consists of the performance or management of business operations and thus the making or implementing of major decisions while public judiciary is the development, implementation and study of branches of government policy. uncouth law refers to law and the corresponding effective system developed through decisions of courts and confusable tribunals, rather than through legislative statutes or executive action. Case law is that body of reported judicial opinions in countries that have common law legal systems.\r\nIt includes courts’ interpretations of statutes, and similarly const itutional provisions and administrative rules. statutory law is written law set down by a legislative body or other governing position such as the executive branch of government in response to a perceived need to clarify the mathematical process of government, improve civil order, to codify brisk law, or for an individual or caller to obtain special treatment. The U. S. House of Representatives and and then the U. S. Senate are the one who declares war. Yes, the Congress has the authority to veto state legislation.\r\nOne of the intentions of the founders in designing a new constitution was to ensure that the federal government had decent power to run the country. The Supremacy article is the common name given to bind VI, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution, which reads: â€Å"This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding”.\r\nPublic system is boring because it’s full of bureaucracies. politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions. Politics is generally applied to sort within civil governments, but politics has been observed in all clement group interactions, including corporate, academic, and religious institutions. Politics consists of social relations involving authority or power, and refers to the prescript of a political unit and to the methods and tactic used to formulate and apply policy.\r\n'

'Reflection About My First Year of College\r'

' later ending this prototypal grade of college I experienced a lot of involvements and I will intend just about of them for the rest of my life. I father experienced many good occasions and some others that build not been that good, simply analogously that is part of college and being by from home. Obviously, I would a equal(p) to render changed some of those, but some others I would not sport changed. I am going to loot let the cat out of the baging intimately each the things I would like to submit change.During this stolon-class honours degree year I stick lived good and prominent moments, but I throw away learnt a lot to the highest degree either I lived. I would like to say that peerless of the things that shed affected me the most is rearwardsing so far from home. I am not used to live away from home and it has been a problem during the all year, especially at the beginning. I lose my family a lot, because we were so close and I missed my frie nds as well. The other thing I would have change would unimpeachably be my dorm. This year I plausibly lived in the worse dorm we have on Ohio.I see for fact that it is whizz of the oldest ones and it has not been renovated for more than a some years. First of all, the all hall smelled lovely bad. I do not know exactly what it was but it smelled old and it seemed dirty. some other part of it was the get ons. The rooms were small and poorly distributed. They had one bed almost abutting to the other, and then they had just one desk for ii people. Another bad thing ab off my dorm would be the bathrooms. We did not have a private bathroom, and they were pretty bad built.We except had four showers for the whole floor. It nub twenty or twenty fin people for four showers. The run short thing I want to mention that I do not like about my dorm is about the laundry. When I first got in my dorm and I do my first laundry, I took my clothes out of the dryer and they were one or 2 sizes smaller than usual. After that I position they would get smaller every season but they did not. Finally, the only thing I like about the rooms is that they have a sink. It is unceasingly nice if you lotister wash your hands and brush your teeth in your own room.I came to the United States to endure soccer and this year has been a to a great extent year for me. I have not played like I would like to have done it. Probably because of all the things I said above that have not gone very well. This is the conclude why this year has not been perfect. After all, I have learnt about it and I am ready to come back neighboring year and adjudicate my scoop out again. Definitely I would have changed my first year of tennis and I would like to have been more successful. Moving on I am going to talk about the experiences I would not have changed.The most chief(prenominal) one is my friends. I made a lot of friends here through the year and I would not change them for anythi ng. I very like people from the United Stated, I venture they be so friendly and they try to help you anytime. I will always remember when I first got here at ohio I was kind a lost on campus and everybody could tell that and most of them tried to help me. Another authorised thing that has affected me is the language. But I want to say that I would not have changed that.I am from Spain and as everybody knows the master(prenominal) language is Spanish, not English. It is true that a lot of people there blab English but when I came I did not know this language in reality well and I had to work so hard to be able to deliver and make unnecessary it like now. I unflustered think I have a lot to improve but I speak it much better that last semester. I have to say it has been an important issue because I was pretty shake to come in the United States because I knew I had to understand people, talk to them, and write for school.Later on I realized that the only way to improve quic kly in another language is by pathetic to the res publica and interacting with the people. Finally, I would not have changed my roommate. We are two from Spain and I knew him to begin with we came here in the United States. I have known him since we were twelve because both of us play tennis. That is why we came to ohio, to be able to play tennis and arena at the same time and together. I think I was lucky because we had a room together because it must be really hard to live and mete out a room with somebody that you do not know.I think every country has its own culture and if you have a roommate from another country it can be a little endorsement hard. Like I said before, I got lucky to share a room with him and even though I knew him from Spain you really only get to know person when you live with them. It has been hard but we had so much childs play and we really enjoyed the experience. In conclusion, I had a lot of fun this year at Ohio, and there are some things I woul d have changed but I think I learnt from them and I will learn more about other experiences that will happen next year.\r\n'

'Socioeconomic Structures and History in Spanish and Portuguese\r'

'Heather Coffey HIST 3401W December 18th, 2012 socio economical Structures and History in Spanish and Lusitanian the States from the Conquest until Post compound Period Throughout the entire narrative of Lusitanian and Spanish occupation of the Americas in that respect were evolving hierarchies, labor regimes, gender relations, kickoffs of wealth, regions of wealth, trade routes, uprisings, economic hard eons and high times, etcetera A very prominent source behind this constant ebb and spring of the narration of Portuguese and Spanish Americas seat easily be attri anded to the economic forces eer at play.It can be seen in the reasons for the oppression of Latin america and reciprocal ohm America, the onset of the colonial diaphragm and the rebellions of 18th degree centigrade. It is important to understand the economic drives that were in play in the beginning of the conquest because it would inevitably change the social worldly concernscape painting of Mexico, the outlying islands and conspiracy America forever. The climb on of Exploration brought upon a wealth of noesis for the world, and specific all(prenominal)y for the Kingdoms of Spain and Portugal it in homogeneous manner brought a hardening of wealth.The rivalry mingled with the two kingdoms and consider for financial gains led the two to cleave the areas of the world where exploration was viable with the conformity of Tordesillas in 1494 which divided the lands East of the line of products line (halfway between the Cape Verde Islands) to Portugal and the lands western hemisphere of that to Spain. Keeping in spite of appearance these boundaries, explorers such(prenominal) as Christopher Columbus, Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro (among many others) scoured the innovatively ascertained Americas in search of new land, but also new sources of wealth.Upon reaching the Americas, both(prenominal) in Mexico and the surrounding areas as comfortably as South America, wizard o f the main goals was the search for wealth in prosperous and Silver. The hunt for both as hearty as other fertile resources at first led the explorers on a wild goose chase virtually the alien lands and native people until areas were launch and deemed suitable for settle handst and a applaudable and financially sound decision as it would prove to be for Spain and Portugal. …where shake act force seen what they see today, fleets entering loaded with favourable and plate as if it were iron? Or where was it known or read that so such(prenominal) wealth could come from one kingdom? So much and so great is it that Spain is full of these treasures, and her cities are d closelyhead by many rich perusers who have left there. â€Å"1 Once regions were settled and autochthonal resistance to colonizing efforts were temporarily brought pretty under control the exploitation of the rich resources of the land began.There were shiploads of Spanish and Portuguese men (and so me women) brought into Latin America to aid in the settlement process, but it was the indigenous that were employ in the farming and archeological site of these resources as well as the bread and butter of the households of the sporty families by the indigenous women. This assist in the creation of the gain of the divisions of sort out and caste throughout all of Mexico and South America, at first drawing unmistakable lines between â€Å"White” and Indian. As time progresses the indigenous succumb to diseases brought by the white people and the people of Indians from all regions declines drastically.African slave trade was key here as they replaced the vast numbers of Indians lost, but also then entered them into the socio-economic orders. In the times of the conquest and the beginnings of the colonial time period the lines of race were much clearer, White, Indian and Black, but this would change and the lines would defacement through out the colonial period as r aces mix. The gender relations between the races began early with, more commonly, the slave women or african or Indian air brought in to do slave work in white households or to do the â€Å"female” tasks of spinning wool, etc. , women were satisfyn in as concubines and thus the intermix of white and indian and black began. By the colonial period and beyond there would be upwards of sixteen polar names for the gradations in color and later on class. The very bottom of the â€Å"social” pyramid macrocosm slaves, mostly blacks who were immovable in the caste system out-of-pocket to their â€Å" unbidden citizenship and thus assumed treachery”3. Its kindle to see how the need for free and trashy labor brought what would shape the future identities that would catch those of the Americas.Over time the economies of both Spain and portugal became dependent on the goods, tax revenues and tributes coming from Latin America and through times when the â€Å"good s” werent doing so well they had to rely more heavily on other aspects. There were periods of time when the silver production at Potosi, for instance, wasnt doing well due to lack of supplies needed for mining. These regions then would be hit heavily with raised tributes from disdain social orders as well as enforced and raised taxes on goods traded within the regions as would be the cause of the Repartimiento de Comercio in 1751.These financial nisuss as well as the enforced labor of men used as tribute as well (mita) left the majority of the population (lower classes) financially and even physically weak. This continued to go up and grow throughout the colonial period caused great discontent â€Å"Conflicts over land distribution, tribute rates, mitt allocations, the succession to ethnical travel byership posts, and abuses by local priests and corregidores oft disturbed local indigenous communities during the ordinal century. The spread of the repartee often exacerbat ed such local tensions, leading to an escalation of violence. 4 These issues would like to the uprisings and rebellions that would create chaos for the Spanish and Portuguese throughout the late eighteenth century and on, the most notable being those lead by Tomas Katari, Tupac Amaru II and Tupac Katari in Peru and upper Peru from 1780-1783. The socioeconomic history of Spanish and Portuguese America is a panoptic topic, hard to even begin to condone in a short composition as this. That being said, I recollect that its important to understand the impact that it had on the entire region.The effects that it had on the populations from the declining population of indigenous from illness brought from Europe, to the subsequent new races of people caused by the blending of populations all forced to live together. Also the strain that this would inevitably put on those being taken advantage of by the colonial leaders and Castilian and Portuguese crowns. This entire history from the fift eenth century until the early ordinal century was put into motion by cause and effect situations led by the greed of men, this need for wealth that would take over and hange the lives of millions. 1. Quote from Pedro Cieza de Leon in the denudation and Conquest of Peru, Pp. 33. Lecture notes from Thursday, Sept. 27th. 2. Townsend, Camilla. Malintzins Choices: An Indian char in the Conquest of Mexico. University of newly Mexico Press, Albuqurque 2006. Pp. 35 3. Weaver-Oldon, Nathan. Lecture Oct. 2 . â€Å"Critical slipway that Indians and Africans Seen As Different. 4. Andrien, Kenneth. Andean Worlds: Indigenous History, assimilation ,and Consciousness Under Spanish Rule, 1532-1825. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 2001. Pp. 202-203\r\n'

'Company Represantative Resume Example Essay\r'

'This letter is to express my interest in bringing my expertise as an pedagogue and Counselor to your institution. I possess absolute communication skills and have a love life promoting a positive take environment.\r\nAs you can gather from my attached resume, I have contributed to the personal and academic yield of Elementary students while working for the new-made York Department of Education. I earned my master spot in English as a Second Language and am currently pursuing my Masters Degree in School Counseling. I see in maintaining a professional way and resolving conflicts in a diplomatical and courteous manner. I am act to component part students with disciplinary problems through utilizing in force(p) classroom management techniques in cooperation with parents and school administrators.\r\nIn addition to the skills noted on my attached resume, I can overly offer your organization:\r\nAn ability to tumble a complex problem and implement a practical solution.\r \nSuperior institution and interpersonal communication skills with effective physical composition skills.\r\nSelf-motivated professional with experience in helping students attain their academic goals.\r\nExcellent analytical skills with an ability to develop comprehensive reports.\r\nIt is my want that my education and professional experience willing convey to you that I have the qualifications to shew a valuable contribution as a School Counselor at any institution. Should you have any questions, I can be reached at the name listed above.\r\n'

'Four external forces that affect an Organization Essay\r'

' wrong of reference:\r\nThis report was commissioned by the beat of Management and Organisation Behaviour as idiosyncratic assessment on quatern external forces that end currently affect Organisation for these modules within the bachelor of Business Degree in Management.\r\nIntroduction:\r\nIn this assignment I will present a brief literature review of the main quadruplet external forces that can currently affect an make-up (a occupancy). First I will introduce world-wide stinting powers that allure the quaternion external forces after that I will wherefore introduce the four forces in much detail.\r\nGlobal perspective\r\nAs the world is emerging from the waters of deep sparing crisis I think the best to start with be global influences that affect the main four forces. for apiece one organization is like a shot strongly influenced by normal rights of frugals:\r\n economic growth †is influenced by unhomogeneous factors such as learning on fall markets, which is strongly influenced by semipolitical activities around the world, prices of blunt materials (metals, oil etc.) but also prices of energy and afterlife of the economical festering in general.\r\nInflation †increases woo of operations and price of products and reduces rentment.\r\nInterest rate †as m each businesses operate with money borrowed from banks changing entertain rates influence directly chase expense, which influences the hail of operations and the cost of product\r\nPEST macro analysis\r\nEach local anesthetic business is establish in a sealed purlieu that directly influences its performance. The environment a company exists in has a strong impact on every opinion of the company`s life. The following main four macro-economical external influences atomic number 18 interdependent.\r\nPolitical atmosphere †each country has a specific political atmosphere, political culture. For instance countries of the EU would have very variant atmosph ere to North Korea. Local political decisions haoma the countries economical perspective and enable or disable, look sharp up or slow down the festering of local businesses. Political decisions directly influence law of the country (region) and whatsoever of them such as economic reforms make strong and long-lasting impact on local businesses. Even political decisions such as annual budget or introduction of income charge have profound impact on business performance. However this would be more applicable in Adam Smyth`s measures.\r\nCurrently we can lock in apply this influence of local politics on small or local businesses but the belatedly s correctties and eighties of the 20th century, started especially in the Euro-American civilization process of distributeive economic s insufficiencyening that progenyed in supra-national corporations that we know today. Many of these corporations are wealthier then countries they operate in and often dictate what the local political milieu will be. This route would finally lead us to the skepticism of monopolization and to the question of economic and political participations and their balance.\r\nUltimately it is both foreign and local law that that create balance surrounded by these two areas.1 Great example of politics and law (even if enforced by the international humanity quite than by local corrupted politicians) impacting on businesses is from India, where supra-national companies producing wearing completely ignored health and safety regulations in order to produce more and cheaper. Unfortunately this lack of political ethic and responsibility resulted in tragedies and dismissal of many lives.\r\n hearty environment †main characteristics of affable environment are social norms and cultural and even religious preferences. Max Weber sees the protestant mind of hard work as a result of original sin as the inspiration for using of hard-work and profits foc utilise capitalism. 2 This idea of hard-work and profit focused capitalism combined in europium and in the North of America with culturally head established system of banks borrowing finance for interest resulted in today`s macro economical models. Euro-American banking system is historically based in certain interpretation of oral Torah called Mishna that allows borrowing money for interest in return. It was in historical Europe traditionally â€Å"allowed” only to the Jewish nation as a form of discrimination and punishment.\r\nSo the development of prudence is we know it today would be very incredible in many parts of the world scarcely for cultural and religious reasons as in some countries would be money coming from interest prohibited.3 demographic profile of social environment is crucial for any business existing within that particular society. sexual practice, age, ethnicity, language, education, public opinion and norms influence every aspect of business. Gender norms define approach of socie ty towards male / egg-producing(prenominal) work.4 In many societies is female work traditionally under-rated in that locationfore from the perspective of operations management it is cheaper for companies to employ women in certain positions. Education of population leads us into the next factor that affects business…\r\nTechnological development †is a result of the impact of education in the local social environment; technological changes continuously initiated further development. The invention of wheel accelerated facilitate of movement of our ancestors, the invention of metals improved their farming instruments as well as weapons but here we are non talking about the long time gone past. Today we live in elicit times of technological changes, which are changing the lay out of businesses on daily basis. Internet and electronic colloquy speeded up every aspect of business from operations, logistics to customer services. Even the smallest local newsagent or mar ket shop must keep up with the development of recent technologies.\r\n20 years ago it would be absolutely unthinkable to top up predict credit while paying for grocery in a local shop. In fact there was no topping up credit at all today. Today we would baffle it rather matchless if our local newsagent (if we still buy newspapers) would non have a top up terminal. get a flight used to be in general one to one experience; we used to go to travel-agents or flight-companies directly and purchased flights. Today we find normal to use the lucre at al-Qaeda even to check in before our flight. A flight company that would not offer internet service to purchase a flight would not survive today. But all this technological progress would not be possible without investings, without wealth.\r\nEconomical environment †wealth as a source of coronation was based in times of Adam Smyth and his An interrogatory into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in productive powers of Labour, in accumulation and employment of stock, in progress of sumptuousness in different nations (which is the distribution of wealth amid cities and countryside) and in a system of political economy.\r\n5 Today is material wealth accumulated not so much in nations but more so in supra-national companies. Still effective investment is the fuel of business development. Economical environment and wealth depends as we already mentioned on macro-economic factors of global economic growth, inflation and interest rates that directly influence local currency inflation and interest rates increase or decrease. Global economy fluctuates from booms to slumps. most businesses gain in booms and loose in slumps.\r\nBibliography:\r\nSwedberg, R. (2003). Principles of Economic Sociology, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 158-159\r\nWeber, M. (1920). The Protestant Ethic and the genius of Capitalism, Berlin: Klaus Lichtblau and Johannes Weiss\r\nWaterman A.M.C. (1999). theology and Econom ics: Normative Social Theory; Boston 1999: Unwin Hyman, London & Boston, 1930\r\nDean, M., Waterman, A. (1999). Religion and Economics: Normative Social Theory. Massachusetts: Kluwer schoolman Publishers.\r\nSwedberg, R. (2003). Principles of Economic Sociology, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 283-284.\r\nSmith A. (1776). An head into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations, London: Adman blackened and William Tait\r\n'

'Family Unit in the Grapes of Wrath Essay\r'

'I dedicate this humble course to those whose blood runs in my veins; to my dearly deard p bents and to:\r\nmy make love sisters in al to keep upher(prenominal)(a) funda custodytal B.A student all my joyous and respected English t for for each one oneness(prenominal)ers all those who go forth work up this modest research melodic infrastructure\r\nACKNOWLEDGEMENT\r\nI’m fore some grateful to my supervisor Dr. YASSINE Rachida whose counselor and continual encourage ply forcet have efficaciously serviceed towards the fulfillment of this modest research paper. I would standardised to a fault to thank deeply whose efforts in grad dwell opened my eyes and inspired the idea and the pillow slip of this research paper, namely: Mr. ELHAMRI Rachid. I would like as well to express my deep whole t matchlessings of gratitude to my little unparalle take family that supported me to achieve where I am forthwith and still supporting me to the fullest, bearing in sound judgment my treasured friends for their on dismission honorable support. Finally, my thanks are devoted to all the students of the department of English at Ibn Zohr University for their appreciated suggestions while this research was under preparation.\r\n creative activity:\r\nAs most of critics refer to it, The Grapes of resentment is a master piece written by magic Steinbeck, a big(p) Ameri potty writer who wrote most of the best Ameri dejection stories ever. This fresh tells the story of the Joads, an slip of what happened to families that lived in Oklahoma during the 1930s. Be causa of drought, splash storms, and the death of crops, the country throwers had to throw in the grangers off from their push downs. In golf club to live, thousands of volume go westward and left their radicals deserted for untested chances of life. On their sort of life to atomic number 20, they go about umpteen difficulties; more or less of them befogged family members becau se of starvation and tiredness, and some women brought rising born babies to life, and some children stole food from some an other(a)(prenominal)’s camps in stage to eat and feed their dying families.\r\nWhen tribe reali recognised calcium with big dreams, ambitions and aspirations, they found taboo that it was non as they expected, life is harder thither if not reflexion worst than the atomic number 53 they already live, crowds of poor, hungry and lazy people staying in g everywherenment camps waiting for repurchase or purge death, confides and dreams were broken, many decided to go back and die in their home towns. contempt some of them had a chance to expire, the betroths were besides low to feed a family of more(prenominal) than eight members. At that point in conviction, working class people were considered as slaves and pigs for the rich class, their fight backs agown(prenominal)st the current is depict by Steinbeck as a â€Å"turtle crossbreed the road”.\r\nIn The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck tells us what kind of struggle the Joads confronted during their journey to live an ordinary life or more, a better unmatchable. In this Research paper I’m spillage to rivet my caution on the concept of â€Å"family” itself and the sozzled union surrounded by the members of the Joads as the principal(prenominal) drive that kept them way out and fighting against all odds for their freedom and mature of life thanks to â€Å"Ma” the strengthened, sturdy cleaning woman who is the moral center of family. This last point is what concussion me and propel this research paper’s natural selection of topic, therefore my aim is to inspect premier(prenominal) of all the importance of family in our day of age and how does per watchwordal identity extend tos its building blocky and brings it down, then assistly, I leave memorialise you the subject of this family building block of measurement by means of the work of bum Steinbeck; The Grapes of Wrath by revealing e genuinelything that helped to keep the them bonded and unite through the whole way to calcium and when they reached it.\r\n get down I: Family vs. individualization\r\nFamily in the light of individualisation became more complicated and more separated than ever. In the last few centuries westward families were characterized by the exploitiveness of their wiz that ties them together and keep them c lack to each other as unrivaled and but(a) merry entity that functions properly in the fellowship, that with the rise of the political orientation of personal identity, family members started to disruption up from the usual fond organisation and start a whole assorted nonpareil that is based on new principles, norms and a whole new ideas slightly the concept of family. The aim of this chapter is to discuss; Firstly, the distinction in the midst of fabianism and laissez faire with taking into consid agetion family as a model of collectivism, endorsemently to make conflict between conventional and new new-made family mental synthesis in the occidental societies. Finally, to show how individualism makes in a negative way the sensation that bonds western families.\r\n1- Family and individualism\r\nThe family presentation is essentially the most alpha part in our society. Without the family, our society would not be able to function the way it is supposed to. Thus, how fuck we define the word â€Å"family”? The definitions of family are as assorted as families themselves and the situations they are found in. I shall then cause with delimit this concept in a more gen epochl way. Family is the basic accessible unit because it sees people reenforcement together by ties of blood, spousal relationship or adaptation, thus representing a single household. harmonize to sociology, the family has the primary function of reproducing society; biologically, complaisantly, or 2. Furthermore, there are various structures of a family based on the relationship shared between parents and their children. Therefore, divergent attributes of family can be distinguished from the temperament of this relationship, such as patrifocal family, where the family consists of a father and his child, Matrifocal Family, where the family consists of a mother and her child. Consanguineal family is ane which consists of the mother, the child and other people, importantly belonging to the family of the mother1.\r\nIn most societies, Family is the principal institution for the socialization of children. And this institution might be based on the traditional concept of family or on the new edition of it; each one of them has its own principles and characteristics which I’m going to show in detail later(prenominal) in the next chase section. In appendix to that, Family is considered as the best example of the idea of collectivism which some few cultures are still characterized by. In contrast, there is an opposing concept which is totally different from it which is the concept of individualism that means the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that stresses the moral outlay of the individual2.\r\nHofstede explains it by asserting that in the individualist cultures people are autonomous and independent from their in- convocations; they fox precedency to their personal goals over the goals of their in- aggroups, they behave primarily on the basis of their bil allows quite than the norms of their in-groups, and exchange theory adequately predicts their social behavior3. In other dustup, individualists believe in one’s own inte lodges, goals, freedom and independency and according to the German sociologist Ulrich Beck individualism has become the social structure of the era we are upkeep in today. Life of individuals is characterized by select where in forward generations no such cho ices existed. he clarified this by saying that the â€Å"Maintenance of the family link is no longish a matter of course but a freely chosen act.\r\nIn the situation spare- sequence activity a divorce, kinship is worked out anew in accordance with the laws of choice and personal inclination”4. Nowa geezerhood, in western societies many families has became totally upstartized, In other words, they are infected by the laissez-faire(a) ideology that keeps children obscure from their parents and helps to destroy the family unit that we very unavoidableness in this day and age on the button as it used to be very essential centuries ago, for example, in the 20 th century precisely in the age of the capital falling off, family unit was a very important characteristic in the lifestyle of western families in tell apart to maintain survival and endurance through the worst economic\r\nâ€Å"Family”. Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 25 Ju n 2012. Web. 28 JUN 2012. . 2 â€Å"individualism”. cyclopedia Britannica. cyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica., 2012. Web. 28 Jun. 2012 . 3 Greet Hofstede, culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations, 2nd ed. (Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2001), p. 909 4 Beck Ulrich and Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim, Individualization (Lon usurp: Sage, 2001), p. 96 crisis of all time. Now the fountain organise is which one is characterized by uniformity, the traditional family or the new advance(a) one?\r\n2- Traditional vs. young neo family\r\nAt the present time, the traditional family structure no longer exists in the modern western valet. It’s not surprising that the modern family structure has substituted it instead. In this section of my research paper, I’m going to focus on the residuals between these both(prenominal) contradictory family structures by highlighting three major characteristi cs (the size, the bearing of the family and the discipline) In order to show in which one the concept of â€Å" symmetry” appears most. Let’s begin with the size. The Size is one main feature in comparing the two structures; hence, traditional families appear to be larger than modern families. Usually they are more than ten members in their families, whereas modern families have exclusively three to quadruple members. Also Traditional families forever live with their relatives and have a lot of children in one big house, which is the reason why they are big families. Concerning their work, closely of traditional families are farmers.\r\nThey can work at their farms and fields; consequently, they don’t employ additional farmers in order of scrimping money. In contrast, modern families don’t invite anyone to help them in their work because they work in the office. They solitary(prenominal) have one or two children and don’t live with their re latives; this last difference affects modern families because they lead not be acquaint with their relatives, as traditional families do. They only date them on special occasions, such as birthdays and New Year. For example, children depart not get used to their grandparents because they only meet them in few times per year. They will not respect them as much as they should have. another(prenominal) difference between traditional families and modern families is the signal of family. Men are everlastingly head of traditional families. Women usually matter fretting of children at home, whereas men work outside. Women and children must listen and follow any(prenominal) men tell them, they should obey him and do any(prenominal) it was demanded to be done. Men have the power to order members of their families to do everything, even if they don’t like to do.\r\nModern families don’t have the head of family because women and men are considered to be equal. Both women and men work outside. They share ideas with each other. Women and children don’t obey the men’s orders if they think their orders aren’t correct. Women and children can decide by themselves. For example, women work outside, as men do. When she comes home, she doesn’t do the house work alone because she necessitate her save to help her in doing it. The last difference is discipline. Traditional families have many rules that are respected by all the members of the family. Most parents of traditional families are strict because they have a lot of children to look later on. It is only women who take care of children at home, so they need to have a lot of rules to control them.\r\nOn the other hand, modern families have few rules to control their children. Parents of modern families work outside. They don’t have enough time to take care of their children, so they don’t have time to make rules besides. Instead they take someone to look by a nd by their children while they’re working outside. This difference actually affects modern families because their children will always make problems to gain attention from their parents. For example, children don’t go to school because they emergency their parents to pick up them why they do this.\r\nThey want their parents to talk to them. done these three important differences, we can notice the culture of family system from the past until outrightadays and it’s only confirming the idea that states: â€Å"when societies change, families excessively change and both good and bad things change”. We can overly notice that traditional families are more bodied and social so that we can understanding the scene of unity in it, whereas modern families are more individualistic and independent and it lacks family unity in all its aspects. solely the other question is how this individualistic attitude affects the family unit?\r\n3- The effect of Individ ualism on the family unit\r\nMuch has been said about the family and the future of family in the so-called postmodern world we are living in today. As it was said before Individualism has become the social structure of this present era; Life of individuals is characterized by two major features: the initiatory one is the moral appreciation of individualism and the second one is the opportunity and capability to choose. These two main characteristics were rarely found in the previous generations. public lecture about the previous generations for example before and during the striking depression era, all families were mainly traditional because they living all together in one repoint as one entity; Grandfather and Grandmother with the children of their children in one big house probably with a farm and some corn fields or at least a vast land to work on later, the idea here is that, the group had control over the individual in everything.\r\nNowadays, the individualistic attitude s affected the concept of â€Å"family” by leading it to a gradual change in its structure and the principles it was built on. Individualists or as they call themselves modernists today die hard to have a unique way of mentation and a special way in sounding to things and life in general. They also have their own way of looking to â€Å"family” as a social institution. But their selfish attitudes prevented them to see to what extent they affect it negatively, Etzioni argues that the surge in individual rights conflicts with the needs of conjunction. He added that Individualism would destruct vital institutions such as family and neighborhood, and thereby create misery5. in other words this effect begins when certain members †especially grown children †of the alike family when they become aware of their own preferences and abilities to have a better life as an independent unity in the society to which they belong.\r\nThis certain beginning leads to the crowning(prenominal) break up from the original family then from the society into another atmosphere of living life with new ways of thinking about the whole social institutions particularly the one of â€Å"family”. During the great depression era, families necessitate to be unify and gathered as one body, any break up in that unity led to the collapse of the entire family. My aim hindquarters this general study of family in the shadow of individualism is to illustrate how important family unit in the story of the grapes of wrath is. I shall make this clearer in the second part where I’m going to focus deeply on the concept of family in this wise in which Steinbeck portrays the value of existence united in the era of The dandy falling off.\r\nIn the previous part, I discussed generally the concept of Family and the one of individualism. I discussed as well the difference between the traditional and the modern structure of family. Afterwards, I examined how ind ividualism can affect the traditional family and how it tries to modify its structure in order to modernize it. However, the traditional family remains the best structure in all circumstances, because it keeps family members as one group as we will see in the fabrication of John Steinbeck; The Grapes of Wrath. The Family is the key of survival in this Nobel pillage winner masterpiece. Without each other, the Joads would have no way of coping with the loss of their land or of acquiring to atomic number 20. Family is the one weapon that the Joads have against the refrigerated, bitter world around them.\r\nThey, along with many other unsettled workers, learn that they are muscularer and safer when they stay with each other as one unit and when they reach out to other families in order of creating a sense of community. Therefore, my research paper topic will be developed efficiently by giving answers to these following questions: Who are the Joads? What is The Great Depression and what is its effect on the Joads? How did they perish? Is it their strong unit of family or because of some other reasons? These questions and more are going to be answered in this chapter in detail to show how family unit is important for the Joads in the era of the great depression as a reaction against the crisis and the greediness of the upper class of the 1930s.\r\n1. Introducing The Joads\r\nBefore dealing in details with the â€Å"family unit” itself in this original, we should runner get present with a traditional family that survived thanks to their strong unity, it’s The Joads family. In this section I’m going to introduce all the family members who played a great mathematical function of maintaining and keeping the whole family as one unit through their journey to calcium. So, who are the Joads? The Joads is a family of twelve members from deferent generations; tom Joad, Ma Joad, Pa Joad, rose of Sharon and her husband Connie, Grandma Joad, granddaddy Joad, Al Joad, Noah\r\nJoad, Uncle John, Ruthie Joad, and Winfield Joad. Let me counterbalance introduce the ones who kept the family as one unit: Tom Joad: The book’s central character, and Ma and Pa Joad’s favored son. Tom is goodnatured and thoughtful man. Even though he murdered a man and has been separated from his family for four geezerhood, he does not waste his time with regrets. He lives fully for the present moment, which enables him to be a great origin of vitality for the Joad family. A wise charter and fierce protector, Tom exhibits a moral proof throughout the novel that imbues him with volume and resolve: he earns the awed respect of his family members as well as the workers he later organizes into unions.\r\nMa Joad: The mother of the Joad family. Ma is introduced as a woman who knowingly and lief fulfills her role as â€Å"the citadel of the family.” She is the healer of the family’s ills and the arbiter of its argumen ts, and her ability to perform these tasks grows as the novel progresses. Pa Joad: Ma Joad’s husband and Tom’s father. Pa Joad is an Oklahoma tenant farmer who has been evicted from his farm. A plainspoken, good-hearted man, Pa directs the effort to take the family to California. Once there, unable to husking work and progressively desperate, Pa finds himself looking to Ma Joad for strength and leadership, though he sometimes sapiditys ashamed of his weaker position.\r\n rosebush of Sharon: The oldest of Ma and Pa Joad’s daughters, and Connie’s married woman. An impractical and amorous young woman, Rose of Sharon begins the journey to California heavy(predicate) with her first child. She and Connie have grand notions of making a life for themselves in a city. The harsh realities of migrator life soon disabuse Rose of Sharon of these ideas, however. Her husband abandons her, and her child is born dead. By the end of the novel, she matures considerabl y, and possesses, the lector learns with surprise, something of her mother’s indomitable spirit and grace.\r\nGrandpa Joad: Tom Joad’s grandfather. The founder of the Joad farm, Grandpa is now old and infirm. Once possessed of a barbarian and violent temper, Grandpa’s wickedness is now limited almost exclusively to his tongue. Grandma Joad: Granma is a pious Christian, who loves casting hellfire and damnation in her husband’s direction. Her health deteriorates quickly after Grandpa’s death; she dies scarcely after the family reaches California.\r\nAl Joad: Tom’s younger brother, a sixteen-year-old boy obsessed with cars and girls. Al is vain and arrogant but an extremely competent mechanic, and his expertise originates vital in bringing the Joads, as well as the Wilsons, to California. When he falls in love with a girl named Agnes Wainwright at a cotton plantation where they are working, he decides to stay with her rather than leaving with his family.\r\nUncle John: Tom’s uncle, who, years ago, refused to fetch a doctor for his pregnant wife when she complained of stomach pains. He has never forgiven himself for her death, and he oftentimes dwells heavily on the negligence he considers a sin.\r\nRuthie Joad: The second and younger Joad daughter.\r\nWinfield Joad: At the age of ten, Winfield is the youngest of the Joad children. Ma worries for his well-being, fearing that without a proper home he will grow up to be wild and rootless.\r\n 2 characters left the family because of their selfish dreams and their individualistic attitude; they represent in my own interpretation the individual type that does not believe in the ideology of the strength of the traditional family, they simply give up their role among their family by trying to find their own pleasure without the help of any one. They are: 12\r\nConnie: Rose of Sharon’s husband, an unrealistic dreamer who abandons the Joads after they reach C alifornia.\r\nNoah Joad: Tom’s older brother. He leaves his family canful at a stream near the California border, telling Tom that he senses his parents do not love him as much as they love the other children.\r\nThere’s also one other character who accompanied the Joads through their way to California; Jim Casy: A former preacher who gave up his duty out of a belief that all human experience is holy. He’s the moral voice of the novel, Casy articulates many of its most important themes, among them the sanctity of the people and the essential unity of all mankind. Therefore, we feel that Jim is almost a member of the Joads6.\r\nThis brief insane asylum of the Joads family paints in our minds a wonderful image of a perfect family unit, also through reading the story, we feel like they can’t never be separated, even if some of their family members ran extraneous and others died, they seem to be related deeply to each other; for example, through the whole journey uncle john still blames himself for let his wife die because of his negligence, another example of their strong relationships to each other is when they reached California, they all kept want if grandma and grandpa were still alive to see it. Now, what’s the cause that made some members of the Joads ran away and leave their family and made others die?\r\n2. The Great Depression and its effect on the Joads family\r\nIn the story of The Grapes of Wrath, the Joads were button west on Route 66 towards California, on their way, they encountered many barriers and difficulties, the worst one was the death of two family members; along the road, Grandpa died and was buried in a camp 6\r\nSparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on The Grapes of Wrath.” SparkNotes LLC. 2007. http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/grapesofwrath/characters.html (accessed June 26, 2012). where they halt for a while, Also Grandma died close to the California state line, and both Noah and Connie split from the family and ran away. The remaining members, led by Ma, realized they have no choice but to go on, as there is secret code remaining for them in Oklahoma. In other words, the cause that made them leave their home is the same one that affected them and caused to some of them death and others to run away; it’s The Great Depression and all the sorrows it brought to the American families.\r\nThe Great Depression era was an awfully ambitious period for the American family, the effect of The Great Depression, both during and after, seriously impacted the structure, finances, and employment of the American family unit. What was cognise as â€Å"The Dust Bowl” pushed thousands of immigrants to leave their homes to other states, especially California State, and made them obliged to find a humble job with an average wage to live a simple life and survive during the economic crisis that broke their life to pieces by do more starvation, poverty and death7. The Joads a re one of the thousands of victims in the Great Depression era.\r\nFirst of all, they had to leave their home and the whole state of Oklahoma to the state of California because of the dust that change their farms from fruitful fields to dust yards, as a result of that, food was very hard for poor people to get so that they had to fight for it, in addition to that, jobs became extremely extraordinary and the land owners had to push out the tenants farmer from their lands, this is what exactly happened to the Joads, the responsible authorities obliged them to leave their land and home town, therefore, they sold what they’ve already got, and bought an old deserted truck which they are going to use as their transportation on their way to California, the second effect of what happened in the great depression was on family itself; a traditional family are known by its strong union and unity, exactly like the Joads family, but what happened in that disappointing era has split man y families and undone their unity, only strong ones survived but with many losings and sacrifices;\r\nThe Joads in the end gathered after the return of their son Tom from the penitentiary, they already decided to leave Oklahoma, on their way to California, they faced many troubles, and they witnessed their family fall apart many times because of the bitter realty and the cold hearted people they encountered during their trip, grandpa died of old age and also grandma died of sickness by feeling dreary for her old poor husband who didn’t want to leave to California in the first dress, he decided not to go there in the last minutes while they were packing their needs and getting ready to leave. Feeling abandoned by the family, Noah left also the family as Connie did for their selfish dreams and aspirations. By reaching California, the Joads became shocked and disappointed by the universe of the place they’ve sacrificed everything they got to be in it. The situation there is estimable the same as the one in Oklahoma if not saying it’s worse than Oklahoma.\r\nFinally, after a long while and through many impediments, The Joads reached California with numerous dreams and ambitions, but they faced the unforeseen and witnessed the unexpected; the realty tells a different story and the ideal golden California was just a fantasy, the hand bell that brought them there cost nothing at all, but did they bemused their hope of living a happy life as a happy family? Did they give up all their dreams and aspirations? These questions have answers in the last section of this Part.\r\n3. The unity and the strength of the Joads\r\nIn his novel The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck portrays the theme of Joads’ strength through their unity in order to comment on the relationship between the diarrhoea of individual families and the unification of migrant people. Steinbeck also aims to prove to us that the unity of the traditional family is the only pauperism that drove the rest of the Joads to California and helped them to stand in front of any obstacle that they faced in their quest to a better life.\r\n15\r\nâ€Å"The family became a unit […] Pa was the head of the family now.”8 The use of the past tense in this quote tells us that Pa was taking control of the family. As It is always known, the father is the head of the traditional family, but what is sincerely striking in this novel is that pa became so weak to take control over it, so Ma Joad, the pillar of the Joads took his place and led the family towards California for a better life by making the right decisions and reacting against anyone who attempts to break the family apart. Before the journey, Ma Joad was just one voice among many in making group decisions. As the novel progresses, she becomes more dominant. She decides when they will stop or go on9. Ma Joad was expound by Steinbeck as the â€Å"citadel of the family, the strong place that could not be taken” (100), she seems to be the source of hope to all the members of the family, if it wasn’t for her, the rest of the family would never reach as far as they got, even though some members lost their hope and became overwhelmed by despair, Ma’s determination encouraged and motivated them to carry on also she taught them to never give up and never be away from the family. The nature of her relationship to other members of the family differs from one to another.\r\nHer favorite one is her relationship to her desired and beloved son; The arrival of Tom also revived the unity of family, she lost him once when he was in prison, then she became so happy when he got paroled and came in the appropriate time to move with his family to California. By the end of the story she true his loss for the sake of the rest of the family, she was so triskaidekaphobic that cops would take him back to jail then she let him run away with a broken heart. For Ma Joad, family is everything, from the beginning of the story until the end, all what she cared about was the unity of her family. ‘We got nothing’, now,’ Pa said … ‘Seems our life is over and done!’ ‘No it ain’t, ‘ Ma smiled. ‘it ain’t, Pa. An’ that’s one more thing a woman knows. Women. I noticed that. Man, he lives in jerks †baby born, an’ a man dies, an’ that’s a jerk.Women, it’s all one flow, like a stream, little eddies, little waterfalls, but the river, it goes right on. Women looks at it like that. We ain’t gonna die out. peck is goin’ on-changin’ a little, maybe, but goin’ right on!” (577)\r\nShe saw her family falling down but she acted rapidly and pulled it up before it touched the ground. She consistently proves to be the novel’s strongest supporter of family and togetherness. In other words, when we first met Ma Joad, she was a strong woman. When we saw her in the very last chapter, she was the same strong woman. We didn’t think it possible, but her strength only grows throughout the course of the novel. In fact, her initial strength is transformed into a different one. We can’t really pinpoint exactly what is this new kind of strength, but we know it’s the one who kept the rest of the family together until the end. Furthermore Steinbeck presents Ma Joad’s development power as a source of common strength sheltering human dignity from the antisocial effects of individualism 10.\r\nOn their way to California the family move to meet obstacle after obstacle, it seems like Pa Joad did not quite know how to keep it together. But Ma Joad knew how to do it. Thanks to her strength again, and when they reached California Ma Joad was the only one who didn’t feel shocked, because she knew it from the beginning before no one else did, her only objective is to keep the family toge ther, she told them that all what matters is that they are together and no one can separate them from each other, her belief in this unity is so unadulterated and strong, and that’s what made her so special as a women belonging to a traditional family.\r\nIn this part, I dealt with many aspects in treating the concept of family in the respected work of John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath”, the essential step to understand how he dealt with it in his novel is firstly to introduce all the members of the joads one by one and understand their roles in this work, second it’s important to deal with the concept of family by discussing how the great depression affected it and show an example of a strong family that resisted that impact by being so strong and focusing on the family unit such as the Joads Family, then finally, I dealt with showing you the source of strength of the Joads: the fountain of wisdom and companionship and the center of strength Ma Joad.\r\nCONCLUSION:\r\nIn drawing conclusions for this study, I shall start summarizing what was said since the first page of my research paper beginning with the first part in which I emphasized the most important institution in our society which family that is also the main skip of this paper. I started by defining it along with another challenging concept which is individualism that affected negatively the family institution and made it lose its traditional values and acquire new modern thoughts and opinions about family in general. This prelude to the main issue of my research paper is made necessarily to help understanding these two different concepts before dealing with their appearances in the novel of Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath in which I concentrated on the theme of â€Å"family unit”.\r\nIn the second part, I developed this theme in details by introducing first of all the main characters of this story in order to understand each one’s role in the ch anging of events, and then I talked briefly about the Great Depression era by acknowledging it and showing its strong effect on the traditional family structure. Then finally I discussed the center and source of strength that helped the Joads to get through their problematic journey and achieve their goal without falling apart when they faced the bitter rectitude and after making many sacrifices that hurt every one of them especially Ma Joad, the pillar of the Joad family. pickings seriously what was going on during that depressed era and how did this family survived, is really what we need to do in our days of age, in other words, families must be united if they want to survive and live life properly.\r\nREFERENCES:\r\nBibliography:\r\nBeck Ulrich and Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim, Individualization. capital of the United Kingdom: Sage, 2001. Cederstorm, Lorelei. The great mother in the Grapes of Wrath. Canada: Brandon University, 1993. Etzioni, Amitai. The spirit of community: The re invention of American society. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. Hofstede, Greet. Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2001. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Modern Library, 1939. Steinbeck, John and Harold Bloom, ed. The Grapes of Wrath â€Å"Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations”. Chelsea House Publishers, 2006.\r\nWebliography:\r\nâ€Å"Family”. Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 25 Jun 2012. Web. 24 JUN 2012. . â€Å"Individualism”. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica., 2012. Web. 24 Jun. 2012 . Shmoop Editorial Team. â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath”Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 24 Jun. 2012. SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on The Grapes of Wrath.” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2007. Web. 26 Jun. 2012.\r\n'

'Viewpoints of the Great Carajas Project\r'

'The main two types of quite a little problematic in the Great Carajas Project argon the CVRD ( A company which owned taps) and the Garimperos.\r\nGarimperos are the sinful miners or free lance miners. They mine for sumptuous and are forbidden to mine in the Carajas area. The Garimperos pass from all over Brazil and usually mine for meretricious. They are annoyed with the government because they feel that they expect the right to mine in the area as well. If a Garimpero is caught mining where they shouldnt be, security guards will endure them down and confiscate their gold.\r\nIn Serra Pelada 80,000 Garimperos invaded a Gold mine and took it over. They were extracting around $200 million each year scarcely although they were making good money, they are alter the environment and working in a really unsafe manor. They are using mercury to scatter the gold and this mercury was then getting into rivers and filthy/poisoning them and various food chains. They also open fi re the mercury which gave off toxic gas and the sanctuary in the mining pits was appalling; there were fixing rock falls and some miners are killed.\r\nIn January 1986, Riot police were ordered into the mines to force the Garimperos out. A miner was killed by accident when a policeman intended to shoot a bullet in the air provided shot too in short and killed the miner. Soon after, the mine was shut down but the company re-opened it and increased safety levels by using bulldozers.\r\nThe CVRD were confident that they would make lots of money and they were actually strict about the area; check posts were set apart up to ensure that only people involved with the mines/CVRD were allowed to acquaint and all cars were searched, only allowing people to enter who had a permit.\r\nThe government were in control of the projection and showed interest because of the investment being made. The project had an one-year income of $700 million. The company are licensed to run the project, inappropriate the Garimperos.\r\nThe companies are looked upon as being sufficient but inhumane and the Garimperos are seen as trying to baulk for themselves but obliviously harming the environment and putting their own lives in danger.\r\nLocal tribes who live in the forest called Amerindians are impinge ond out of their settlements so that the CVRD can carry the mining areas. The CVRD destroy their living area and when the Amerindians following settle they are still weary of having to move again.\r\nIn My opinion I think that some(prenominal) Garimperos and the CVRD should be allowed to mine there. They should compromise as to who gets what belt down so that everyone is happy. I think that if this did happen the government would have to do some serious opinion into safety regulations and the damaging of the environment.\r\n'

'Practical Criticism on the Tamer and Hawk poem Essay\r'

'Tom Gunn’s tame and peddle is an ext terminateed metaphor depicting a powerful, strong, al top executivey, unhinged bird of prey (a metaphor for Gunn) macrocosm controlled by a seemingly inferior dead body (a human) †his true venerate. It depicts an image of a bird and its see (with the work of indirect personification). It tells a story of Gunn’s adoration of his ‘tame’ and his strong desire to charm his love. It is an effective metaphor because as the numbers continues the risk of infection and violence becomes more prominent, especi on the wholey at the end of the poem. there atomic number 18 three main reason to the poem; love (â€Å"To fly for you and show”), inscription (â€Å"For you I revere to lose”) and devotion (â€Å"You seeled me with your love”). The front stanza explains how the deliver is happy to be domesticated by this person, as he expresses no dissent to his situation. He even wants to show of f his capabilities in a performance to his tame in the forecast of transfuseing him. Gunn idolises his Tamer by portraying him as benevolent (â€Å"But gentled at your hands”) and being mildly powerful (â€Å"I thought I was so tough”) †with the emphases on the flash ‘I’ arduous to show the Tamer is more powerful than himself, as well as the computer address â€Å"Upon your wrist” which depicts the Tamer as somewhat of a godly work out who is in control of a nonher life.\r\nAlso, the quick verse scheme: A, B, A, C, C, B, along with the lack of any punctuation and the fast rhythm of the stanza (without any assonance or alliteration or sibilance), due to the Iambic trimeter, emphasises the hawk’s effort he is putting into his performance, and because trying to impress his Tamer. This is cemented by Gunn’s use of the vocabulary â€Å"Can non be quick enough” which implies that his gait is relieve not enough to ple ase his lover. The second stanza could be seen as a continuation of the low gear stanza, the themes are interrelating and also the ideas are common. It evinces the sky still not being able to fly away, as he is too in love with his Tamer that whenever they are apart, as soon as he calls him patronise he returns as fast as he can. It is evidence of how he is becoming so subservient to his Tamer (â€Å"I am no longer free”). Additionally, this quotation implies that the set up is in the process of being tamed, which means that there are still some wild aspects of his nature. This links to the quotation â€Å"You but half-civilise” which leads to hazardous consequences.\r\nOne also gets the virtuoso that the Hawk has some desires to be released †showing his wild core aspects, by the use of regular polysyllabic words, with possible double meanings †â€Å"no longer free,” â€Å"seeled,” â€Å"blind,” â€Å"hooded.” The feature th at the majority of these words are polysyllabic could be intended to extend the length of the word in come out to express his pain, suffering and anguish. Stanza three explains how the Hawk has now broken free and has the opportunity to present his wings and explore, however, there is one major drawback. He cannot release the thought of his love, the Tamer, which is constantly on his mind (â€Å"In my possessive thought, Of catcher and of caught”). Additionally, in the first line of this stanza the word â€Å"formerly” links back with the idea that he is putting on his outgo show in order to try and impress his love, continuing the themes of devotion, loyalty and love, and also determination and fortitude. despite the clues embedded within the poem, it is the final stanza that is the climax of the poem. There are several integral parts to the poem in this stanza.\r\nThe general picture of the stanza is that the Hawk is unforced to go to the very(prenominal) extre mes if it means not losing his love. The phrase â€Å"half-civilised” proves that the Hawk still contains his wild instincts and nature, as he is still half wild, however, this is no excuse for what the Hawk plans to do to his Tamer †Kill him. â€Å"For you I fear to lose, I lose to keep, and choose Tamer as prey” explains the Hawk’s plan. It may not be very evident but it does enlarge what the Hawk is willing to do, in order for him not to lose his Tamer. The Hawk obviously longs for the Tamer, however, he might long for him slightly too much because it could be on a parallel with how much a Hawk longs for its prey. One could form the opinion that what the Hawk is a metaphor for is monomaniacal as he is willing to kill his love in order to keep it. â€Å"I lose to keep” is a paradox because the two words in apposition are opposites, contradicting each other, creating an antithesis.\r\nIt is incomprehensible that one essential lose something in or der to keep and carry on it. This is the most extreme example of devotion. Generally, the fact that all of the stanzas end in an abrupt fashion, with a tetrad syllable line instead of the previous six syllables, could be interpreted, by the reader, as the Hawk’s acknowledgement that his Tamer is not returning his love and reveals the Hawk’s desperation and disappointment when he is rejected his ultimate wish. The extended metaphor is a very good and effective one because it gives very lighten images of all of the scenes created by Gunn and also it is appropriate because the blood is so domineering, possessive and un-natural.\r\n'

'Buenavista Plywood Corporation\r'

'Buenavista plywood Corporation The Problem The problem confronting Mr. Antonio Garcia, the name Superintendent of Buenavista Plywood Corporation is how to deal with the absentee rate of the employees from Bohol such(prenominal) that the product of the coiffure will belong at capacity, with comely men and the interests of the community and employees be served. Objectives More specifically, the problem resolves itself into the fol ruggeding objectives which Mr. Garcia has to achieve in the course of action he has to take: 1. To adjudge a durable and reliable workforce; 2.To shelter the bon ton’s composition by avoiding face-off with formal coalition groups; 3. To address deed problems and cost; 4. To meet the rated capacity of the plant; 5. To safeguard the long make headwayability and stability of Buenavista Plywood Corporation. Situational Analysis The Buenavista Plywood Corporation was organized in Cagayan de Oro City in 1950 by the Santiago Family. Don Jos e Santiago, the present nous of the family, was well qualified to carry the traditions of this prominent family. The Santiagos pass water been involved in politics in nearby Bohol, the ancestral home.They had been pioneering industrialists in the plywood business. Don Jose had been an primeval advocate of local processing of lumber as opposed to the shipping of log abroad. VISTAWOOD, the trademark chosen for their plywood, was one of the premier export plywood production in the Philippines. Late in the fall of 1960, at a time when the plant was in operation(p) at capacity, functional three shifts a day, some representatives of a national labor organization gained the allegiance of a large group of workers to establish a marriage ceremony at VISTAWOOD.Over the period of several months, the union activists who were assign to the logging concessions left the beau monde at their knowledge initiative. These purgets marked the end of any organized practise at VISTAWOOD. As a matter of prevalent policy, management preferred to hire masses from Bohol and even tolerate some irregularities due to this peculiar working arrangement, than to risk another confrontation with formal union organizations. In fact, Don Jose soon began to rely on political leverage this group of workers afforded him in his choice campaigns in Bohol. Late in 1967, VISTAWOOD was facing unplayful production problems.Rated capacity and management profit goals had not been attained for several years. Fierce competition in the export market and decreasing selling prices, joined with new duties being levied by importing countries had exacerbate the slur. It was apparent to management that the only source of return would project to be the production function. Costs of operating the plant had been steadily rising without no sequential rise in production volume. Mr. Antonio Garcia was brought to VISTAWOOD Superintendent in the hope that he could bring some improvements in the plywood plant.Discovering the absentee rate of the plant, Mr. Garcia began to examine this and other relate problems at VISTAWOOD. It became increasingly clear that: (1) production was pathetic and highly erratic and (2) one of the main causes of this sour situation was the unstable and unreliable workforce. The absentee rates fluctuated amid 50% during Monday and Saturday nights and 30% during the rest of the week. Daily production was so adversely affected by this fracture workforce, that Sunold age had to be regarded as regular work days just with higher labor be. Mr.Garcia was convinced that the plant could be run on a six-day agenda and meets the rated capacity if an adequate workforce could be well-kept in the ratio of 3:2. Decision model Constraints Given the problematic framework on situation described, Mr. Garcia now had to decide what to do with the problem on the imported workers from Bohol. The fluctuating absentee rates of these employees has resulted to serious proble ms such as the unstable, unreliable and inadequate workforce futile to meet the rated capacity at the plant and resulted to low and highly erratic roduction. Rated capacity and management profit goals had not been attained for several years. Aside from the uncut competition in the export market, decreasing selling prices, and rising production costs, imported workers from Bohol have created great problems. Increasing the production volume through having an adequate stable workforce is the only solution to the problems confront by the company. And that would mean to fire those workers from Bohol who have absentee problems. These people create greater inefficiencies for the company.However, this will risk the company to face formal union organizations. And these would mean put the company in bad public count on ore reputation. Retaining the employees from Bohol will protect the company’s reputation but the absentee rates of these employees affect production costs and volum e. And if not addressed will result to fiscal ruin for the company. Mr. Garcia is therefore caught in a seemingly difficult dilemma and has to formulate a finding which would both safeguard stability and profitability at the company and at the same time, protect the reputation of the company.DECISION ALTERNATIVES The succeeding(a) choices are open to Mr. Garcia: 1. Fine the employees from Bohol who have absentee problems but spell ruin on the company’s reputation; or 2. Retain the employees from Bohol but creates problems on the production costs and volume and finally spell financial ruin to the company. RECOMMENDATION The first alternative to fine employees from Bohol is preferable given the following considerations: 1.It will decrease absentee rates of employees and having a stable and reliable workforce will result in meeting the rated capacity and volume of the plant. 2. It will break political expediency from management decisions. 3. Mr. Garcia could talk to the wor kforce from Bohol to avoid establishing a union at VISTAWOOD. ratiocination Firing the workers from Bohol will address production problems of the company and insure the long-run stability and profitability of VISTAWOOD. much(prenominal) a course of action, therefore, would achieve all the objectives frame out earlier in the present dilemma.\r\n'

'Report on Data Management Essay\r'

'Introduction\r\nHR entropy would need to be stored by all organisations cod(p) to either legal requirements or internal purposes. This line will uncover types of selective tuition and methods of storing them. The last sh be of the report will cover legislations that impinge on HR selective knowledge as ‘ in that respect is a genuine and complex amount of EU and UK legislation that has an bear upon upon the retention of personnel and other related records’(Retention of HR records, 2013)\r\nWhy Collect HR information\r\nHR information john be collected for variant closes in an organisation. there atomic number 18 twain reasons listed beneath: Productivity: appraisals records are collected so that managers dope assess the productivity of their mental faculty and team. It piece of ass in like manner be useful for employees to know their potential at heart the team and whoremaster use it for their career progression. well-grounded Compliance: Payro ll selective information would be principal(prenominal) for the HM Revenue and Customs to calculate taxes whereas health and safety records bottom help the company to ameliorate their environment and allow them to be compliant with the wellness and Safety Act. Also certain data merchant ship be used as evidence in any legal proceedings that the company may arrest to face.\r\nTypes of HR data and how it supports HR\r\n‘monitor records enables personnel to amend or reformulate policies and procedures.’(Personnel data and record guardianship, 2011) Below are 2 types of data that HR collects: Recruitment and Selection- records on staff derangement and vacancies can be of the essence(p) for HR as it informs them when and for which team to recruit for and besides allows them to see the cut off in each team depending on its staff turnover. This would also include appraisal records which would inform them if an employee or team needs training. Absence Data-the ab sence reports, complied from the absence data gives HR an indication of which department is hapless or so from high absentees and allows them to rethink the working patterns. It also helps them to calculate the cost of absenteeism to the organisation.\r\nData Storage and its Benefits\r\nData can be stored in several methods. However, downstairs are 2 key methods which can be used on with their benefits. 1. Manual / Paper based- keeping records on paper in a file cabinet Files can non be destroyed with any computer virus\r\nInformation can be entrance moneyed without any rallying cry restrictions Members do not need to be PC literate to find data\r\n2. Computerised filing\r\n much than one user can access the information at the same time Large volumes of data can be stored and accessed easily Data can be used to compile reports and identify trends with the latest programmes on computer Most companies prefer their records to be stored electronically as it is efficient and easil y accessible. However, there are certain companies which use both methods as certain records do not need to be stored for a monthlong end of time, hence can be filed away in cabinets. Essential UK legislations relating to recording, storing and accessing HR data There are several legislations that hit the retention of HR data. Below are two such legislations.\r\nData Protection Act 1998 (DPA)\r\nDPA applies to most HR records, whether held in paper or on computer. DPA controls how personal information of living individuals is used by organisations, businesses or the government. It came into big businessman on March 2000. There are 8 data tax shelter principles the data controller needs to comply to in fellowship to handle data correctly:\r\n1. ‘adequate, relevant and not excessive\r\n2. fairly and lawfully touch\r\n3. processed for limited purposes\r\n4. accurate\r\n5. not kept for longer than is necessary\r\n6. processed in line with your recompenses\r\n7. inviolabl e\r\n8. not transferred outside EU without adequate protection’ (Employment Law FAQ, 2013) every company that processes personal information must be registered with the Information Commissioner’s status (ICO), unless they are exempt. The ICO, which is UK’s independent supervisory authority, ensures that the DPA as well as other data protection/retention legislations are followed by organisations and it can censure them for not doing so.\r\nFreedom of Information Act 2000 (FOI)\r\nThe FOI came into force on January 2005. It gives the prevalent a right of access to all types of recorded information held by public authorities, however there are few exceptions to these right as not all personal records can be obtained by public, such records can be requested under the DPA. Government departments, local authorities, the NHS, advance schools and police forces are few of the public authorities.\r\n final result\r\nThis report explains that recording and storing dat a is very important. Every company has a different method and reason of storing data; however, handling data correctly is important for all. There are several legislations that can affect the data retention and not complying with these legislations can have an adverse effect on the company’s reputation.\r\nReference List\r\nCIPD, 2013.Retention of HR Records.[online] getable at: www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets [Accessed 13 June 2014] ACAS, 2011. Personnel data and record keeping.[online] purchasable at: www.acas.org.uk [Accessed 12 June 2014] CIPD 2013. DP04: What is data protection and what are the eight data protection principles?.[online] Available at: www.cipd.co.uk [Accessed 17 June 2014]\r\nActivity 2\r\nAnalysing Absence Data in Examinations Team\r\nIntroduction\r\nThe report includes findings and compendium of different reasons of absence within an Examinations Team from May-December in 2013. The final segment of the report concludes the analysis along with recommendations to overcome the core reasons of absence.\r\nAbsence Level in Examinations Team\r\nThere are two spare findings from the graph (data in appendix 1), the high levels of absence from May-June due to stress and from October- December due to viral problems: May-June: due to peak season of exams, the examinations team is compulsory to do ample preparations from planning, supervising and marking exams to care board meetings. This therefore, becomes very stressful for the team as ‘the most super C cause of stress…is workload’ (Barometer of HR Trends and Prospects, 2013) and as each person is yet trained in their individual role there are issues of ‘presenteeism’. October-December: during this season many people glisten sick due to bad weather. However, the outbreak of the Norovirus in 2013 could also be the reason for the viral problems to increase. Also, due to Christmas parties in December it further causes the virus to parcel out from contaminated food.\r\nConclusion\r\nThe study indicates that stress and viral issues were two implications the examinations team suffered from in 2013.Stress is a common issue in several workplaces as mentioned in the Absence Management report by CIPD and it can be costly. To overcome the issue, two possible recommendations are:\r\nStress-\r\n1. Hire temporary staff during busy period\r\n2. Train team members to share workload and prevent presenteeism, where employees feel forced to come into work.\r\nViral Problems-\r\n1. reach free flu vaccination to employees\r\n2. Communicate sensory faculty regarding the virus\r\nAppendix 1: Number of Employees negligent by Reasons in 2013\r\n(a) Musculoskeletal- back, neck and other muscular tissue pain\r\n(b) Ear, Nose, Dental pain and skin illness\r\nReference List\r\nBPP. (2013).Appendix 1 of Number of Employees wanting by Reasons in 2013. London: BPP CIPD, 2013.barometer of HR trends and prospects 2013.[online] Available at: www.cip d.co.uk/hr-resources/survey-reports[Accessed 18June 2014]\r\n'