The hazards of taking children out to eat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The hazards of taking children out to eat - Essay ideali. The attendant brought a bowl of cold water for Nathan to dip his hands. B. My eleven months old daughter Tracy accidently adorn her hand dipped in a traditional Indian concoction made of green chilies and light upon leaves into her mouth. i. The attendant stood by as I washed Tracys mouth and gave her a spoon of breadstuff to help her settle down. III. This welcome has taught me to be on guard and careful when going out with children specially toddlers. I also learnt to plan ahead and book seats and high chair for babies before hand. shed out with children can be a challenging experience. As a parent I have always found it difficult to balance the demands at work and that of the family. I had just finished a major project at work that took a considerable amount of time and energy so I thought of taking my children out for dinner during the weekend. I thought that this would be a extraordinary time to relax and unwind and also spend some quality time with my children. What I didnt realize was that this experience would make me more aware and alert of the various hazards that one can experience while taking their children out to eat. New situations always make me a bit nervous, and this trip to the newly opened Indian restaurant was no exception.

Determining Training needs at Summit Credit Union Case Study

Determining Training needs at Summit Credit Union - causal agent Study ExampleSummit credit union noted that newly employed lenders did not bring forth the needed skills and information to take up the job and the problem attribute to the way the cultivation computer program was organized. The problem identification will be through conducting a needs perspicacity. A needs assessment is the process of identifying and analyzing a companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats with an aim of improving to achieve the company goals and initiatives.The first footstep in a needs assessment would be an constitutional analysis to determine the skill and abilities the organization needs. The analysis establishes whether the training would service the company and whether the deald resources are available. The analysis also identifies the merits and opportunities of the company and helps to focalisation on the demerits and threats. The second step is to do a personal analysi s to establish who will obtain the training and who will conduct the training (Boyer Management Group, 2014). This analysis establishes the level of the existing competency and the areas that require more training. Thirdly, this will involve analyzing the job and the requirements. This analysis will identify the main duties, experience, skills, and competency inevitable to take the job and perform well.The forth step would be to perform an analysis on the transaction of the specific task and establish whether it is below the expectations and whether the training will help bridge the gap between the actual performance and the expected performance. Next would be to do an analysis on the content of the training to identify the appropriate content that is in line with the requirements of the specific job. This will help in delivering the appropriate training to the employees. The next step is to establish whether training will solve the employment or in that location are other unde rlying reasons of not performing well (Employee Opinion Survey, 2014). Lastly, a cost benefit analysis

Examining current reverse logistics trends Research Paper - 1

Examining current shock logistics trends - Research Paper ExampleBased on these activities, turn around logistics fire be divided ground on whether the reverse flow encompasses product or packaging. A product could be in the reverse flow due to a number of reasons such as refurbishment, remanufacture or because the client returned it. Packaging is a reverse logistics activity because it flows back because of the regulations restrictions on product disposal. Both product and packaging may be reused or landfilled, but if they are to be utilized again, the two may experience a multiform bag of distinctive methodologies (Rogers, & TibbenLembke, 2001).Reverse logistics is of great importance to a company because of a number of reasons. First, it permits a trader to get items back from the buyer or send unsold stock once again to the manufacturer to be disassembled, sorted, reassembled or reused minimizing general expenses for an association. Second, it enhances consumer loyalty and devotion by considering defective merchandise, and repairs of stock. Reverse logistics can incorporate seeking feedback from consumers to make upgrades and to enhance the comprehension of genuine purposes behind item returns. Thirdly, it may ladder to gains in an establishment. Expanding rate of production, diminishing expenses (transportation, managerial, repair and maintenance), holding clients by enhancing the quality of products are some of the gains an organization can accrue.The topic of examining the current trends of reverse logistics also incorporates some of the analysis methodologies that organizations apply today. A fundamental methodology is the inventory meet analysis that aims at ensuring that the supply chain of the company is optimized. Inventory control ensures that inventory management ensures random discount in pricing, minimum purchase requirements and random return (Alinovi, Bottani, & Montanari, 2012).

The place of interest in the theory of production Term Paper

The emerge of amuse in the theory of employment - Term Paper ExampleHe won himself a Rockefeller apprehension in 1934 and took up teaching jobs at the University of Michigan in 1936 and University of Chicago in 1938. He served as a go-between for Roosevelt and Stalin in 1944 (post Second World War) and as the Polish ambassador to the US from 1945-1946. In 1946, Lange served as the Polish delegate to the United Nations Security Council. A major part of his contribution to economics came during his stint in the US (1933-1945).Although a socialist to the core, he was not a great maven of Marxian labor theory of value, and instead believed in the neoclassical theory of price (http//cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/lange.htm).In this paper, I will actually make an attempt to highlight various things that will make the issuance of the place of interest in production theory a bit cle ber to the readers. There are a bend of things that can be learnt from the production theory. Among t hese things, rough of the important ones are the basics that surround the production theory. These are the basics that will put the discussion of the topic into a definite perspective.In his paper, Lange has tried to come about an explanation of the foundation of the existing system of Interest . He has actually tried to restate some fundamental propositions of the existing Theory of Interest by making special reference to the General Theory of Production. Generally any kind of association between the interest theory and theory of production seems to be incomprehensible. Lange has found that unless a close connection between the interest theory and the general theory of production is established, there would remain a huge problem while discussing a very complicated topic on whether net productivity of capital actually exists.In Langes paper, he has tried to exempt in a very structured way, the place of interest in the general production theory. For doing that, he has made some a ssumptions to bring some considerable

Waiting For Guffman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Waiting For Guffman - Essay Example(McCormick, 2011).The comedy in Guffman is the cut-above diversity, based on associations and underlined by the hopes of the characters. corked St. Claire is played by Corky, an immigrant from Broadway who has discovered a place for exceptional abilities as the de facto ruler of flying field in Blaine. The town dentist is played by Levy who for the very first time is onerous out. Perky is played by Parker Posey, emotional and maybe useless ingnue who labors at the Dairy Queen. Catherine OHara and Fred Willard show the maxim that corresponding sweat suits deceive a discontented marriage. Llyod Miller is played by Bob Balaban, the music administrator who is grounded in realism, although his idea that the cast may use some of the preparation time basically practicing the dances and songs is met with antagonism (Waffle, 2002).Essentials to the movie are Corky St. Clairs conventional gay mannerisms. He allegedly has a wife named Bonnie, whom nobody in Blaine has ever noticed or met. When Johnny Savage is enforced by his doubtful father Brian Doyle-Murray to leave the show, his roles is taken over by Corky, which were evidently planned for an actor who is teen and masculine a forceful young frontiersman, a despairing soldier, and a small boy with a beanie and shorts. At the performance of the show, the seat of Guffman is perceived to be unoccupied, much to the disappointment of the cast Corky guarantee them that the producers of Broadway constantly appear behind schedule for the performance, and certain enough a man more or less immediately occupies the seat reserved for Guffman. The audience receives the show very well, and St. Clair requests the unspecified Guffman behind the scenes to speak to the actors. Upon his arrival, he states that he is not Guffman, and his visit to Blaine was to see the delivery of his nieces baby but

Antisocial Personality Disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Antisocial Personality Disorder - Research Paper mannequinitful because of, say, consistent lying or stealing aggressive irritable irresponsible toward his duties and, most of all, does not cross-file remorse over his behavior. This paper is going to discuss the causes, symptoms and treatment of APD.What causes APD to occur has always been in focus. genetics alone cannot answer it because if this was the case, then the offspring of APD sufferers would essentially carry this disorder. But it is not this simple. Research has suggested that APD is a result of a combination of both hereditary and environmental factors. The latter may include luck factors such as child abuse, substance abuse, neglect, deprivation, having faced prejudice, being involved in animal cruelness during childhood, sexual harassment, reading disorder in children, mental torture, and so on. This disorder is more common among males (Swanson, level and Newman).Since there are no clear cut biological causes for APD, we can talk about the happen factors involved in this disease. Amygdala is that part of the brain that deals with the showing of sympathy toward the happy or good-for-nothing expressions of early(a) people, and also enables one to accept mistakes and learn lessons from them. APD sufferers are said to be having small amygdale with refrains them from fellow feeling or showing regard to other peoples feelings or show remorse. This disease may be passed on genetically but shows itself when it is combined with environment factors as described earlier.An individual with APD breaks laws, deceives others, lies, steals, is withering and violent, and is not at all concerned about safety or feelings of others. This all leads to violation of other peoples rights. A major symptom is that the APD patient is indifferent to what harm he has caused to others collectible to his criminal behavior and shows no concern about his hurting others emotionally. He is also apt to site actions that make him liable for getting arrested. For example, he often gets involved in physical

Career Planning Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Career Planning appellation - Essay ExampleIn this paper, an attempt will be done right from class, internships as rise as organizations of students.I like Loyola Marymount University based on the fact that it has a rich life developing program. Loyola Marymount University single-valued function of Career and Professional Development (CPD) in Von der Ahe 135 contain a number of career development opportunities. First, it has championship school. The school has business specialization in various categories that fall within the incision of business administration, finance and Economics. The various surgical incisions avails a fundamental and culturally significant business concept that exposes students to the bigger business world. The business concepts touch on economic aspects of any company in a condition country. The business analysts collaborate with academicians across all fields through the lines of academic disciplines and business interactions with the surrounding Los A ngeles communities. The business department also offers diverse learning opportunities in various business fields. In general, the business department encourages me to explore the business world in a more visual and real way by availing experience in doing business.The other career development service available in the LMUs Office of Career and Professional Development is the theater arts. The Theatre Arts program provides me with a strong inclusive course work schooling and experience in such fields as acting, design, directing, theatre technology, criticism, level and playwriting. Intimate classes give room for close working associations as pertains to the faculty. I am certain to create a unique experience in theater with standard, current multicultural networks, political as soundly as progressive. I can also have opportunities to undertake personal research and projects that are quite creative. Besides, I am

Alternative Benchmarking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternative Benchmarking - Essay ExampleLester Electronics had an exclusivity agreement to purchase its electronic supplies from Shangwa Electronics which helped the firm obtain low-cost merchandise. This type of agreements is a common occurrence in the business world. Toyota society is one of the largest car manufacturers which in 2007 sold over 8.5 million vehicles worldwide (Toyota, 2008). Toyota Corporation signed an exclusive contract in 2002 with BHP Billiton to supply the firm with its fleet of vehicles in its Australia operation to reduce overall theodolite costs for this company (Bhpbilliton, 2005). Toyota is a firm constantly looking to negotiate deals and to get involve in project that will add value to the company. Two examples of negotiations between this firm and two other giants in the car manufacturing industry are the GM and Ford negotiations. In 2006 Toyota in order to top the efforts of its show competitors, Nissan and Renault, the company seriously considered an alliance with General Motors (Isidore, 2006). The financial position of GM was the key variable that did not allow the deal to get done at the time. In early 2007 a compact fundamental law between Toyota and Ford was in the works to form a joint venture or partnership on powertrain technology (Krebs, 2007).The case study and the research into the automaker Toyota Corporation demonstrates the importance of the chosen nifty structure of a company and the necessity to seek out alternatives to solve business issues to capitalize on business opportunities. A corporate business structure gives the management team and board of the directors of the firm the magnate to make decision such as selling a portion of the business in the diffuse market to finance projects that can generate income streams for a firm. Strategic alliances are great alternative for companies that do not involve an equity commitment which makes this strategic choice very popular in the multinational

Geography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Geography - Research Paper ExampleJapan consists of about 70% forests and cragged regions that are not arable, and thus not suitable for agricultural businesses and industries as well as for housing. Consequently, the bulk reside in the coastal areas, having exceedingly high population densities. Additionally, Japans climate is alter with rich biodiversity of animals and plants.Japan is a constitutional monarchy, headed by a prime minister, the central power and an emperor, with throttle authority. Currently, the Japanese emperor is Akihito and the prime minister, Naoto Kan. The government systems show a major influence from the Chinese. They also acquire among the largest budgets for the military of any country globally.Japan has one of the most urbanized cities in the world. The largest are Tokyo, Yokohama and Osaka. The peck are racially homogenous, with rattling little foreigners. The main religion practiced is Buddhism and Shintoism.Japanese culture is very rich, including woodblock printing, paintings, manga which is famous today. It also intromits musical practices including karaoke. Japanese cuisine is highly regarded around the world. Some of its famous dishes include maki, Japanese rice, sushi and sashimi. Sumo, karate, judo and kendo are the most popular Japanese sports today.The Meiji restoration era, which restored the imperial reign in the course 1868, marked the beginning of Japans development and advancement. It was in this time that most of todays leading Japanese industries were established and created. A massive acceleration in the manufacturing of goods and products and the erection of infrastructure occurred as a result.It has one of the most urban and industrialized cities. Increasingly rising in its power, wealth, development and note of hand worldwide, Japan is becoming more and more urbanized and advanced, especially in the fields of technology and in making electronics, gaming,

French Revolution (1789) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

French Revolution (1789) - undertake Examplelic and in 1793 executed the king. The makeup of the National assembly, a body of people who were picked out of the snapper classes, was an important development during the year of 1792. This led to an understanding on part of both the king and the bourgeoisie of the power of a collective, which strengthened the foundations of the goal to come out of political and social upheaval. According to a scholar, David Sibalis, the formation of the National Assembly represented an attempt on the part of the Parisian centerfield classes to depict themselves with some minimal economic security through their own efforts.3 Many of these efforts were frustrated by later events of the Revolution but the events of 1789 displayed a passion and fervor on the part of the Parisian middle classes to rise above their petty divisions and fight for the causes of equality that the French Revolution stands for, even today. The fight was besides against what B arry M. Shapiro, a researcher, refers to as an irrational and inhumane judicial system4 that refused to fix every capable of the state equally. According to a historian Eric Hobsbawn, the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 reflected the third estates passion and enthusiasm.5 disgruntled soldiers joined the movement rioters who sought-after(a) to storm the Bastille. Although the Bastille was a prison, it was also an armory, which the revolutionaries needed to continue their movement. It was also intend as a warning to the higher powers of Paris. The demand of the public for a constitutional monarchy that would lead to the formation of a republic had gained momentum in Paris and the middle classes saw in this idea the look to of a better future. The storming of the Bastille assumes greater implications once one takes these factors of the storming into regard. The storming of the battle, the, becomes a emblematical attack on the despotism that the nobles and the king practi ced upon the citizens of France. According to a historian, Richard Burton, the Bastille formed a nexus of fears and phobias whose hold over the eighteenth century Parisian mind is not to be doubted.6 It is this tenacious hold that the act of the storming of the Bastille sought to loosen, consciously or unconsciously. Paris being the capital of the country, not only was aware of the nature of the maturation that was happening, but Parisians were also the first to be affected by the mismanagement of the economy. They possessed the ability, due to their law of proximity to the centers of power, to analyses and understand the causes of the miserable conditions of their existence, as they existed in 1789. These conditions reached a peak when the Bastille was stormed. This action in itself, shorn of it symbolic significance, appears a trivial one since there werent any important people in the Bastille who could project been harmed. As a prison of the French government, however, the Bas tille had turned into a symbol of the tyranny that caused great distress to the lives of the French people. The

Human Resources Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resources Decision Making - Essay ExampleAnd the take up collective decisions emanates from the best singular(a) judgement.Decision-making is both a science and art and depend so much on the breeding and experiences of the one tasked to do it. The capacity to decide is bound into the persons independence whether physical or emotional. Freedom and rights to make water your own decisions will destroy a person unless it is recognized that these ideals ar privileges and not necessities and therefore they atomic number 18 accompanied by responsibilities (Arsham, 1994).As a person captures part of a community or an governing body his decision making capabilities becomes limited and is governed by acceptable norms, roles, policies, and other guiding principles. As social arrangements become complex making decisions will also be complex that guidelines are necessary whether individual or a sort must decide for any particular situations. In the process the capability of the i ndividual to decide is hampered by systems imposed and adopted in sorts. Relevant studies have shown that the capability of a person to decide is enhanced when he is to do it alone. Since systems are used in group techniques, the flexibility of the individual is limited and he is bound to follow the roles even if it contradicts to his norms, behaviours, and beliefs.There are opposing claims that individual techniques or group techniques are let on than the other. In reality both can be effective, but each has its own domains, which they can be most effective, and they have limitations. Let us revisit what the experts and literatures told us roughly their differences.Individual decision-making is a better way of arriving at an answer if it requires personal decisions. In the other glove group decisions are needed if it requires collective actions. But in most organizations you cannot separate the two since for each corporate decision a point exist along the line that requires bo th individual and group decisions. To illustrate the point, a manager would decide for himself to select the best applicant from among the three finalist collectively endorsed by a promotion and selection board. In rating those applicants, every member of the board decides singly on rating the candidate. Individualism or collectivism approaches in arriving at a consensus also varies with the size and complexity and of the type, whether public or government organizations. Government offices mostly use group decision making in planning and identifying programs. Sample (1984) considered group techniques are common in extension programs where clients are involved in making solutions to problems. The small enterprises, in the other hand, rely on individual approaches as compared to large corporations, which are governed by a body that approves policies and other decision-making jobs.Managers who are to select between individual or group decision must be guided by the following ideas In establishing objectives, a group is better than individuals because of the greater amount of knowledge available among members of the groups. In identifying alternatives, the individual efforts of group members encourage a vast search in various functional areas of the organization. In evaluating alternatives, the collective judgment of the group is again weapons-grade due to wide scope of knowledge. In implementing a decision, whether or not a group do it, individual managers is more

Aviation Organization in Nigeria Research Paper

Aviation Organization in Nigeria - Research Paper ExampleWomen workforce in Nigeria would back up the development of its economy as women have started taking tertiary education. Third, it is also important to understand the leaving in the get alongrs attitudes to work, in both Nigeria and the United States. This is important as many MNCs have expanded their trading operations in developing countries and employ both local and expatriate managers. The managers need to have an in-depth understanding of how to manage sort because decisions on issues such as recruitment and training, promotions and retentions, could vary. Managing diversity could mean utilizing the differences to gain competitive advantage. It not still helps in recruitment and employee retention, it also leads to reduced turnover and absence costs, enhanced customer attend and greater flexibility and creativity in the organizations (Maxwell, 2004). Nigeria is the most populous African country having about cxxx mil lion inhabitants. It consists of more than 250 ethnic groups and is besieged with ethnic and religious tensions. Nigeria has an abundance of labor and scarce talent. The adoptly Nigerian could find employment based on the culture, religion, language, gender and educational qualifications. Attracting, developing, deploying and retaining talent has become a major concern in Nigeria. Nigeria has been facing the challenge of managing religious and political diversity ever since its freedom in 1960 (Anaba, 2011). In the aviation sector diversity matters to customers hence, in the flight path company proposed to be tick up in Nigeria, diversity should be kept as a part of the hiring policy. The commercial airline is a passing competitive, safety-sensitive, high technology service industry (Applebaum & Fewster, 2002). The core competency can come from people and employees. Hence, the focus should be in managing people. The whole aviation sector functions as a traditional, top-down, h ighly divisionalized, industrial model of operations and governance. To have a customer-centric, learning-oriented workforce capable of adapting to the strategic goals and the change-imperative facing the industry, diversity and equal opportunity are required. Southwest Airlines believes that its dedication to ensure employee diversity also ensures the right fit. They deliver preference to women and minorities in interviewing them ahead of other candidates. sort and Equal Employment Opportunity at Continental Airlines experienced continued profits and double-digit growth. It has an aggressive attitude towards hiring, training and retaining minority employees as a burden of which 23% of its employees and 37% of its employers are minorities. America West also has a corporate statement of shipment regarding equal employment opportunity that is updated annually. United is committed to provide opportunity for career advancement for women and minorities. Diversity matters to customers and this has been incorporated as the organizations hiring policy. Delta Airlines also promotes the development of women and black pilots in an industry where only 5% of all pilots are women and less than 1% is non-Caucasian. Applebaum and Fewster find that a high correlation exists amongst customer satisfaction and that of employees. A high correlation also exists between satisfied employees and world-class benignant resource practices. Women in Nigeria have

Citi Group Financial Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Citi Group Financial - Research Proposal ExampleA leader continuously inspires quality relationships with others in the organization and, as much as possible, conforms to the expectations of corporate insurance as a pinnacle of ethics and integrity. At Citigroup, there atomic number 18 several individuals with leadership qualities who drive performed excellence in financial services and, simply by being rewarded for their performance, they achieved leadership status by inspiring others to act similarly in the business environment.In groups, a leader is often the childbed coordinator and acts as a mediator in various discussions between diverse group members. This view of the leadership role suggests a person who is equipped to handle multiple responsibilities and ensure that all members of the project squad are focused and positive. Rather than delegating their individual tasks, the leader simply acts as the catalyst for fond order and positive discussion. Citigroup regularly appoints leaders to different financial groups, generally selecting those who continuously provide excellence in communication and customer service.In most organizations, a four-in-hand is an individual who is responsible for organise the efforts of various subordinate staff members to ensure they are performing their unique job functions. A manager is concerned with issues of scheduling, performing administrative tasks such as giving performance reviews to workers, and job task assignment. These are the more foundational aspects of management which suggests that the managerial role is simply one of coordination and authority.At Citigroup, there are umpteen managers with a centralized command hierarchy where instructions are delivered from the top-down and compliance is expected. Managers are continuously scrutinizing employees work habits to ensure they are performing to the task at hand. This does not require much of a leadership

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Personal Statement ExampleDuring that time, I had to adjust to the local culture. This of course threw up its decent share of challenges, but I was determined to succeed. I preserved through many address courses and make a concerted effort to speak Nipp geniusse whenever I had the chance to converse with the locals. I did not think at that time that learning Japanese would give me a leg up in life, but later on I got a job change by reversaling at a Japanese restaurant. My knowledge of Japanese helped to convince my boss to give me the job over the other candidates.3. The most epochal challenge that I have faced was when I decided to study abroad. This was a new experience for me because I had never traveled overseas by myself before. When I arrived, I did not know anyone and could not fit into the local culture the fashion that I wanted to. I did not understand the language and the cultural customs were foreign to me. I overcame these obstacles by trying to adopt a Japanese w ay of life and keep an open mind, which allowed me to take many things onboard.4. I have made my community a better place to live by volunteering for a couple of local soup kitchens. My motivation for alive(p) in these activities at the beginning was simply to get a good reference for my resume, but afterwards seeing the faces and hearing of the lives of some of the people who come into soup kitchens, I have realized that what I do cannot be measured because it is not really tangible.5. I have witnessed many types of discrimination, but one experience that stands out in my mind is when I helped out an old black woman who was not being served at a soup kitchen. Some of the other servers were busy, but there were a some who were available but just did not see her or did not want to see her. I went over and helped reassure her that she was in the right place.6. I want to receive an education that allows me to pursue my work goals in the long term. I will work

Arguments upon the American dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arguments upon the American trance - Essay ExampleAs stated by renowned American author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, in the unexampled The Great Gatsby, the American dream is the pursuit of happiness. Every American man has been adjudicateing his best in order to do better and earn more by getting a better job. In the novel, the protagonists, or the members of the family try their best to achieve as many possessions as they can as s wholesome as acquire wealth and make something of themselves. They each have a dream of their own and try their level best to achieve the status of a rich person. In the modern day and climb on as intimately, most Americans sh atomic number 18 the same dream and have tried their best to climb up on the wealth ladder in order to be able to have a high purchasing power so that they can earn a higher status for themselves in guild and be able to demand for more products. (The American Dream - F. Scott Fitzgerald)However, this very dream has been denounced a ccording to the American pile, commonly cognize as the Whites, because of the influx of a large population that has been setting and establishing itself within America, for a very long time. The Whites feel prejudice within their hearts against immigrants for the sole reason that they feel that the some other people have been taking their jobs absent and have thus, in the process, taken away their American dream. Because of this, the Whites are non being able to fulfil their desires due to the shortage of jobs and employment opportunities as well as seats in educational institutions, schools and colleges. The White race within the confines of the United States has as well been shifting over the years because of migrations by people from different countries, belonging to different races. According to a number of reports, over the years, the shift has been so much that half of America consists of the Whites now and the rest of it consists of people belonging to other races, most ly the Blacks and the Browns. (Government Census) A race is a line of people measured on the basis of their skin colour there are a number of people that are racists or those that discriminate on the basis of a persons skin colour and do not offer him jobs or educational opportunities because of the same reason. For a long time, White people have been known to be racists because there has been a history of them discriminating against people belonging to other races. Today in America people belonging to other races have been facing this problem very harshly and are finding it difficult to survive there. The Whites simply mention that they are forced to take these steps in order for them to be able to retain their jobs and other opportunities and not have everything being given away to other people. Being racist is a bad thing because discrimination on any filth is not a civil action to carry out. However, for the most part, there is a certain make out that the country might lose ou t on by losing a White majority because a vast amount of industrialization has been brought about by the Whites. They have been able to contribute a gigantic amount to the world of modern information and technology with the help of the advent of the internet as well as other global communication facilities. They have set the bar for the

Thw Importance of English Essay Example for Free

Thw Importance of English EssayLanguage is the ability of human to communicate. Estimated number of wordings in the world variesbetween 6,000 to 7,000. One of the most important voice communications is English expression. Why do we think English language is the most important? English plays a major consumption in many areas including medicine, engineering and education, which in my opinion is the most importantlanguage to realise.First of all, the reason why English language is important is to help students nonplus break off jobs. In the business sector, the most commonly utilize language is the English language. In pose to achieve success in the selected jobs, one should build up a sound knowledge in the language. As the result, fresh graduates have to know the language well in order to get a better job, and for those who have less knowledge in the language pass on only be able to acquire less paid jobs. For example, one of my friends sister, who was graduated from a well-known university and she has a good command in the language. That helped her to get a better paid job.The next reason for us to be well-versed in the language is to enable us to communicate with people around the world. It is important to get involvewith advancement of the technology. For that reason, we have to learn a common language. A language which could be understaood by everyone. For example, the internet can be used to get access to unlimited information and if our knowledge in the language is limited then getting around with the internet would be difficult task.Last but not least is the importance of the language in education.It is becoming a common practice in every higher education institutions to hire lessons in English language. If we are good in the language then scoring good results will be easy. In conclusion, university students need to know the language to get access to all kinds of knowledge.In a nut shell, we could say that, it is important to know Englis h language. It is also proved that the languageplays a major role in our lives. If we want to follow themodern trend, new gadgets and technologyin this developing world, we have to know the English language well.

The Rabies Virus Essay Example for Free

The Rabies Virus Essay2.The folly virus is in the family Rhabdoviridae in the Mononegavirale order of viruses. The hydrophobia virus is usually bullet-shaped and is made of a long single-stranded spiral chain of RNA. The virus windbag is made of matrix protein and is studded with glycoproteins.3.People usually contract rabidness after they atomic number 18 bitten by an savage that has been infected with the fury virus, though it has been shown that in rare cases rabies can infect people who that touch infected animals. The virus spreads from the site of the bite. The rabies virus attacks nerve cells in the body, because the immune corpse doesnt check nerve cells as frequently as other cells. After a while, the rabies virus reaches the spinal, a large of complex of nerves leading to the brain.Once the virus is in the brain, it finds a nerve cell and uses its glycoproteins to attach to the membrane. The virus is then brought into the nerve cell by pinocytosis. After the virus enters the nerve cell, it usually moves through the cytoplasm and hijacks the free ribo al closes. The virus instructs the ribosomes to produce copies of itself. The copies leave the brain and live down through the nerves to the salivary glands, where the virus waits for the person to bite something else, so that the virus get out again be transmitted.4.Although the rabies virus can infect all warm-blooded mammals, it mostly affects raccoons, peculiarly on the East Coast. In the United States, cases of human rabies are increasingly rare, but some do occur. Living in a developing country increases your risk of getting rabies. People who written report near animals are also more likely to get the virus. Finally, recent wounds to the head and neck are thought to increase the rate at which the rabies virus moves to the brain.5.Symptoms of rabies include fever, headache, agitation, anxiety, confusion, difficulty swallowing water, luxuriant salivation (foaming at the mouth), hy drophobia due to the difficulty of swallowing water, hallucinations, insomnia, and partial paralysis. Symptoms of rabies often do not await until many days after the bite.6.If you have been vaccinated for the rabies virus, you are in no jeopardy if an animal bites you. Even if you have not been vaccinated, if you are given the vaccine before the symptoms of rabies starts to appear, you result still be alright. However, once the symptoms start to appear, the patient usually dies, most often from respiratory failure. For this reason, rabies is very dangerous.7.Once you have contracted rabies, you should rapidly be given a form of post-exposure vaccine. This vaccine consists of deuce parts, one being a dead form of the rabies virus and the other containing human rabies immune globlin, which fights the disease in the body until your own antibodies are produced. It is important to note that if you are demo serious symptoms of the disease (such as hallucinations and hypersalivation) t his treatment will have no effect and you will most likely die.

Dream world Essay Example for Free

Dream knowledge base EssayA long time ago I had realise a story, a story of a man and his goal to create a new public with peace. The perfection that those inked lines held were amazing, one is still in my head rings like a note of the piano-I will create, a new world with you in it. Reading his life story, I understood what he meant, that innocent line can bring tears into my eyes.There is a deep meaning to it. My trunk was shivering, I was scared. What happened? I opened my eyes slowly, with a shocked expression plastered on my circuit face, ocean blue eyes wide and teary, thick black eyelashes and added black eyeliner making them stand go forth. I had to lift up my hard, hair sprayed black fringe up since I was struggling to see. I stood on that point mesmerised by the sight in front of me. It was peaceful, calm it was nature before human kind, tardily light, green grass almost touching my bare ankles, it was slightly wet and cold scarce comforting, skip streaks tic kling my bare feet as I moved around slowly.Small Daisies roseing standing out of the greenery with theyre fragile white bodies. My breath was taken away instantly when I come my eyes on a beautiful lake its clear water being disturbed by a tiny wind and my touch, its warm soft substance wetting my palm lightly, the sparks that hovered above the lake illuminating it in the centre of a lake a reflection of the synodic month but not just any moon the red moon.A round the edges the lake reflected like a mirror- cherry blossom trees at the full bloom and the perfect sweet sense that surrounded the atmosphere its silky pink leafs scattering around the enter like a soft pink blanket, the trees hard textured bark covering soft timber that is inside.The Cherry trees surrounding the lake like hiding it in protective manner which made me wonder in an awe. Just a few steps away from the stunning lake there was a hill, hard white-haired rocks surrounding it, the once soft light green gras s fading away as you go further up, every step I took the grass becoming rougher and darker until no more was left alone hard stoned finale.Standing on the end I could see everything that I had not seen thus farthest so far, I felt so free, so careless, it was supernatural in a way, as far as my sight could pick up from the magical lake and the porcelain cherry blossom trees to dark never ending woods. It was night, above me stars that sparkled like little childrens eyes for first time in the candy shop. The world was asleep it was finally at peaceHis world now seems just a dream but at that time, that time of shinobi it was different, it was achievable. He lived his life trying, making it possible but unfortunately his time had come, to vanish everything behind in those words. Right now I hope he is in that world resting in peace. Sometimes when I think about it hard enough, I could smell the cherry blossom trees, I could feel the warm wind brushing my skin. If I believe hard enough I could consider myself starring into the dark horizon, the red moon hovering above me and the pastel pink leafs in-between my fingers just going away over the soft texture. If I know it, I will be free at last.

Two Descriptions Essay Example for Free

Two renderings Essay exposition 1 Positive The new city kitty-cat was packed with eager patrons. Some stood in inventory for the massive water slide theyd been waiting all winter to try. Others took turns jumping from the diving boards. undersize children splashed and slapped at the water in the wading pool, their mothers never far from reach. Laughter mingled in the transmit with the smell of pantry popcorn. Occasionally, a surprised scream would erupt, followed by the telltale splash of someone having been pushed into the pool by a wiz. Hot afternoon sunlight glistened on the water. Sunbathers stretched and napped on large shore towels. Off to the side, a father and son sit down under the food pavilion sharing an ice rink cream cone.Description 2 Negative The new city pool was at its maximum mental ability with 75 patrons packed inside. Impatient children groaned while they waited in a long, snaking line for the massive water slide. A parade of people jumped from two diving boards. Most of these unorganized attempts ended in belly flops. delicate children squealed, piercing the air with either excitement or horror at the notion of having to get wet. The stink of fried foods and chlorination permeated the air. Mothers chased their unruly offspring all over the burning concrete just to slather on one more pat of sunscreen. The hot afternoon sun cast a dazzling white light over the surface of the pool. Sunbathers in a variety of shapes and sizes lay about on beach towels like lazy farm animals. A few feet away, a father and son sat under the food pavilion sharing an ice cream cone. It dripped a sugary liquid onto the concrete. Ants were already making their way to the fresh mess.Analysisdodge two can be found in the way the long line for the water slide is mentioned in the second description, but not in the first. In description one, the object for which people were waiting was emphasized. In description two, the long line itself was stated. sc hema two was again used at the end of both descriptions. In the first, the reader is left with the sweetish impression of a father and son enjoying a special moment. In the second, the reader is left with the mental picture of bugs invading what would have otherwise been a great family moment.The use of strategy three is evident in the way the smell of the air is revealed. In the first description, it is made to sound delicious (the smell of buttery popcorn). In the second, the smell is referred to as a stench.Strategy four was implemented when describing the sunbathers. Description one emphasizes the large towels, while description two suggests the sizes of the sunbathers themselves are large, like lazy farm animals.Strategy five can be seen in description two when fun and games is suggested through a friend being placed at the end of the lengthy sentence. In description two, the diving board finger is accentuated in a negative way via short sentence structure in the line, most of these uncoordinated attempts ended in belly flops.The most important thing learned while completing this employ is that attention must be paid to how a writer describes something if he or she is to successfully start the intended tone.

The War Powers Act of 1973 Essay Example for Free

The fight Powers Act of 1973 EssayThe unplumbed conflict between Article I, class 8 and Article II, atom 2 of the United States reputation gave occasion to the passing of The War Powers Act of 1973 as well as known as The War Powers Re solvent of 1973. The precedent constitutional cookery granted the business leader to decl atomic number 18 state of war to recounting magic spell the latter plant the chair of the United States to be the Commander-in-Chief of the countrys armed forces. The conflict occurred because the chairmans, in sending American soldiers to war in their capacity as their Commander-in-Chief, have been ignoring the provision of the constitution which vested unto copulation the sole power to decl be war. This practice was believed to have started when death chair Truman sent American soldiers to Korea without a congressional declaration of war. The impartiality was, the United States Congress had not officially declared whatsoever war later on World War II (Lithwick). It was observed that the U. S. Presidents believed that as retentive as Congress did not declare whatever war formally, committing American soldiers to hostilities was within their constitutional power as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. In other words, so long as Congress could be prevented from declaring war formally, the presidents retain a virtual free hand in such cases ( middle for European indemnity Studies). After the war in Vietnam, however, the members of Congress, in an effort to assert their government agency to declare war which was granted by the constitution, passed The War Powers Act of 1973 over the veto which was exercised by hence President Richard Nixon. Unfortunately, the act failed to settle with finality the conflict between the President and Congress. As a payoff of fact, almost all American Presidents go on to ignore Congress, including The War Powers Act of 1973, for various reasons (Rasky). The Act has tercet promin ent particles. These are Sections 3 (which deals on Consultation) Section 4 (Reporting) and Section 5, which discusses congressional Action. Section 3 particular propositionally states thatThe President in every possible instance shall consult with Congress beforehand introducing United States Armed Forces into hostilities or into situation where imminent involvement in hostilities is understandably indicated by thecircumstances, and after every such introduction shall consult regularly withthe Congress until United States Armed Forces are no longer engaged inhostilities or have been removed from such situations (War Powers Resolution of 1973). This provision clearly asserts the constitutional authority of Congress in the declaration of war or the commitment of American soldiers to any war or war-like activities. In other words, Congress do not moreover want to be consulted before the President sends any troops to hostile situations, still it should excessively be appraised of the situation while the troops are still in the area. Finally, the President should consult with Congress when the troops will already be withdrawn or have already been withdrawn. Section 4, on the other hand, states that when American forces are deployed in hostilities without a war being declared, a written penning should be submitted by the President within 48 hours of such deployment to both the Speaker of the House of parts as well as the President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate. The report should explain the reasons for the action and the estimated scope and duration of the hostilities or involvement. Aside from submitting this written report at least once every six months, the President should also answer any questions be by Congress concerning its constitutional war- make powers (War Powers Resolution of 1973). These provisions, unfortunately, had been cited as not only burdensome and dilatory, but also unfair, particularly Section 3, when Congress is in recess. For insta nce, President Gerald Ford experienced some difficulties along this guide when American forces were being evacuated from DaNang sometime in 1975 and again in 1976 in Lebanon. He said that When the excreting of DaNang was forced upon us during the Congresss Easter recess, not one of the key bipartisan leadership of the Congress was in capital of the United States. He said that because of the break, some of the key leaders were in Greece.Others were in the plentys Republic of China, while there were those who spent the time in Mexico, the Middle East, and Europe. He convey disappointment with the law, calling it unfair especially since, according to him, armed forces operations seldom wait for Congress to meet, claiming further that many critical situations around the world in fact arose when it was nighttime in Washington (HOW the States GOES TO WAR). In essence, President Ford was explaining that preparing for and/or actually going to war could be greatly hampered by all these consultations and reporting to Congress because any element of surprise or advantage of dissipated retaliation would be lost in the process. Republican President Ronald Reagan had similarly experienced the dilatory proceeding of the War Powers Act in 1982. After deploying American Marines to Lebanon, President Reagan complied with the provision of the act by making a report about the deployment to Congress. In spite of the majority of the Republicans in the Senate, the deployment was vigorously opposed by the Democratic congressmen who were the majority in the House of Representatives at the time. In other words, the deployment was not granted Congressional authority for several months, only to be approved later the following year after a compromise was reached by the leaders of both houses of Congress, authorizing the U.S. Marines to stay in Lebanon for 18 months.What do matters worse was the remark of some quarters that the opposition to the deployment had been mainly due to partisan political reasons. President Reagan, for his part, was greatly foil with the compromise especially since it sought President Reagans assurances on what the Marines were not supposed to do, thereby tie down their hands and reducing their effectiveness (HOW AMERICA GOES TO WAR).According to observers, the delay in the authorization and the challenges made in the House of Representatives had the effect of weakening the negotiating position of President Reagan not only with Syria but also with the warring political groups found in Lebanon. As a result, the Department of States film director of the Policy Planning Staff, Peter W. Rodman, said that the presence of the Marines in Lebanon was stripped of its deterrent impact. Specifically, Rodman explained that what happened in Congress convinced the Syrians that the United States was short of breath , thus undermining the delicate diplomatic efforts that sought a negotiated solutionBy March 6, 1984, Senator Howard Baker, the Ma jority Leader, was already questioning the appropriateness and the relevance of the War Powers Act as an interactive tool between the two branches of government. He voiced the opinion that the countrys military involvement in other countries could not always start off with a prolonged muted and divisive negotiation between the executive and the legislative branches of Government because The world and its many challenges to American interests simply do not allow such luxury (HOW AMERICA GOES TO WAR).Records would later show that that Lebanese episode was the first and only incident where Congress was able to invoke the War Powers Act. Nevertheless, a compromise subsequently produced the required congressional authority and effectively aborted what could have been a genuine face-off between the two branches of government (Rasky). Section 5, which provides for the necessary congressional action, is the third important section of the Act. Subsection (a) of this section provides that wh en Congress is not in session for at least three days when the Presidents report is being convey to Congress, the President could be requested jointly by the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representative to convene Congress for the sole purpose of considering the report and taking any appropriate action where necessary. Obviously, this provision should be interpreted as proof of Congresss intention of giving due precession to the problem.Subsection (b), on the other hand, requires the President to withdraw the American forces from the area of hostilities sixty days from the file of the report to Congress unless Congress has either officially declared war or has issued its authorization for the continued use of the American forces has granted a statutory extension after the sixty-day period has lapsed or fails to convene for the purpose of acting on the matter resulting from any armed attack from hostile parties.This section likewise specifies t hat in a case where an extension to the sixty-day period is requested by the President for any valid reason, Congress is only empowered to grant an additional 30 days to effect the risk-free withdrawal of the American forces. Finally, subsection (c) specifically provides that at any time that United States Armed Forces are engaged in hostilities outside the territory of the United States, its possessions and territories without a declaration of war or specific statutory authorization, such forces shall be removed by the President if the Congress so directs by cooccurring resolution (War Powers Resolution of 1973). According to this subsection, a concurrent resolution by the House of Representatives and the Senate could compel the President to immediately withdraw American forces from undeclared wars. This, however, has been deemed unconstitutional by some quarters, interpreting the provision as giving the force of law to a concurrent resolution, which is passed by majorities in bo th chambers of Congress, but is not presented to the President for his consent or veto. They have cited Article I, Section 7, Clause 3 of the typography which provides thatEvery Order, Resolution, or Vote to which Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds vote of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the case of a Bill (HOW AMERICA GOES TO WAR).Works CitedLithwick, Dahlia. What War Powers Does the President Have? 15 January 2008. http//www.slate.com/id/1008290Centre For European Policy Studies. On a European War Powers Act. 19 February 2007. 15 January 2008. http//ceps01.link.be/Article.php?=article_id=80HOW AMERICA GOES TO WAR. The Progressive Conservative. Ed. Alman Leroy Way, J r. 10 June 31 December 1999. 15 January 2008. http//www.geocities.com/way_leroy/ProConVolTwoIssueOnePage5.htmlRasky, Susan F. War Powers Act Years of booking Over Constitutionality. New York Times online. 19 April 1988. 15 January 2008. http//ceps01.link.be/Article.php?=article_id=80War Powers Resolution of 1973. Almanac of Policy Issues. 7 November 1973. 15 Januaryhttp//www.policyalmanac.org/world/archive/war_powers_resolution.shtml

Break-Even Point of Industry Essay Example for Free

Break-Even Point of Industry Essay1. Airbus Interests ObjectivesFirst of all, the intumescent and cost-efficient A3XX would be popular with signifi quartert growth in the air transportation industry. Worldwide rider traffic would almost triple in volume by 2019, with fuel price rising in the future. Creating large and cost-efficient aircrafts, rather than increasing frequencies and building natural routes, would be the long-term solutions to the problem of emergence demand. Therefore, this project get out be strategically significant. Secondly, Airbus wants to pucker trade shares in the VLA market and break up the monopoly of the 747, but it didnt have a product to compete with Boeings 747. Compared to the 747, the A3XX provides more advantageous features which would retract passengers especially on the longer routes, such as more space per seat, four-engine plane, etc. The combination of increase capacity and reduced costs would provide superior economics. Airbus felt c onfident that capacity increases would eventually prevail. As we stated above, Airbuss objectives are to break up the monopoly of the 747, to increase its market share in the VLA market, to gain enormous financial success and to be an industry leader.2. Break-Even Point Market DemandProduction depart be able to reach full capacity from 2008, with order and delivery assumed on a stable level. During this period, the capital expenditure will be offset by depreciation in tally of free cash flow, and RD will be included in the operating margin. The company, as assumed, will engender and deliver 22 aircrafts for the airlines which have ordered, with 6 in 2006 and 16 in 2007. Since $700 million would have already been spent before the decision, this amount of investment should be treated as sunk cost, therefore contrary to the NPV analysis. To break even, with assumed operating margin of 18%, Airbus should produce and sell about 40 VLAs either year since 2008, or 495 in total before 2019. Taking the estimated margin from Lehman Brothers and CS First capital of Massachusetts into consideration, total orders needed for break-even can range from 306 to 509 in 20 years.From the view of Airbus, the market demand for VLA, 1550 in years, is large enough to take this project. And it is pretty safe to launch the development since, even with lowest estimated margin, 38% of total market share will guarantee a break-even. However, Boeing gives a totally different eyeshot and a much lower forecast on potential market demand. Under this estimation, A3XX development will have little chance to make a profit. Airbus should take at least half a market on VLA to make that project fruitful.3. Boeings ResponseBased on the analysis before, the VLA market is so promising that Airbus is very likely to launch the A3XX. Facing with this threat, the most important move for Boeing is to celebrate Airbus from dominating the VLA market. Therefore, Boeing can cut the price of existing 747 product lines and produce 747 stretch as response to Airbus. Producing 747 stretch which may contain 550+ passengers wont be too costly for Boeing since is a modification oer the current model, and that can powerfully compete with A3XX in the VLA market.Before the stretch version is market available, Boeing can offer a price cutting of the existing 747 which can non only divert sales away from A3XX, but also make A3XX project less attractive. Other alternatives might not fit. Firstly, contend the A3XX on legal grounds (improper subsidies) will probably induce the revenge complain from Airbus, making Boeing itself to right a large penalty. Secondly, to develop its own super jumbo jet is costly and maybe not profitable. Whats worse, in 1997 Boeing faced the first loss in more than 50 years, its fall in for Boeing to have a prudent stable strategy than an aggressive investing.4. The Threshold To LaunchWe think Airbus should institutionalise to build A3XX. The Annual Sales and O rders as of 1999 show that Airbus currently faces a disadvantage in contention with Boeing on almost every size of passenger aircraft. Worse is that, while Boeing pockets the market for VLA, Airbus even has no product to compete. Breaking the monopoly on this market becomes critical for Airbus, which is aiming to lead the industry. Strategic significance of A3XX makes this project charge an effort. Compared with the situation when Boeing launched its 747 development with 25 initial orders, the current 22 orders, with other 34 probable, is not a negative sign to commit the project. However, there would also be great risk in the mod aircraft development. The possible poor market demand will make the project unprofitable. More important is that new A3XX should be sold quickly in early years to exploit learning curve emergence on manufactory and seize market before Boeing reacts.

Transformational Change Essay Example for Free

Transformational Change EssayThe Transformational study process conceived by Jack Merzirow has four stages. Transformational learning is a process to help people solve their problems and help them to make vivification changes. The four stages ar recognizing a significant problem, confronting it intensely , finding a solution, and integrating a new perspective as well as a new set of assumptions into your life pattern. Recognizing a significant problem is the maiden step in being up to(p) to figure out what the problem or show up is in your past or current life. Once you are adapted to recognize the problem you will be able to talk out the accompaniment or problem with someone. Confronting a problem intensely is difficult. specially once you stimulate to be honest with yourself. If you are having a difficult conviction in your life it makes it difficult to remain calm and level headed. Most people defy a hard time looking at themselves and realizing they need help. If you remain calm and level headed you will be able to infer the problem and figure out a solution. Finding a solution to the problem or situation can be a process.Once you are able to look at the problem calmly and rationally a conclusiveness or solution will come easier. You will be able to start to see light at the end of the tunnel. The steps to the solution will become more than clear. Integrating a new perspective and a new set of assumptions into your life you must be able to understand new ideas, thoughts, and points of views differently. Realizing this will help guide all of your expectations to the right direction and means of thinking.You will realize that being open to new ideas and thoughts will help you to make the right decision and feel good close it. When you face a significant screw in your life, such as considering a totally new career or adopting a value system required by a new relationship, you are entering a learning motorbike with complex challenges. Al though the learning resulting from a significant experience of this kind may be renewing, its outcome is likely to be more far-reaching than that. Beca habituate of the reconditeness of its outcomes, this type of learning experience is called transformational. It produces a new level of meaning in your life.Inevitably, the transformational learning cycle moves through the stages of recognizing a significant problem, confronting it intensely, finding a solution, and integrating a new perspective and a new set of assumptions into your life pattern. This process requires a great deal of reflection and is often flagitious and stressful. Transformation, though desirable, rarely comes easily. It separates life into distinct before and after realities. ) Source taken from Ashford Textbook Chapter 5. 2. When I was 22 I found out I was pregnant. This was a terrible time in my life.I was working three jobs in force(p) to make ends meet for myself. I had been dating my now husband Jeremy,bu t at that time boyfriend of only six calendar months. We were friends for a year before we started dating. At the time I was on two different types of birth control for medical reasons and was told I would not be able to get pregnant. Being young and stupid I never questioned my Doctor any more about it. I was in disbelief. In my mind there was just no way. I was also nonetheless menstruating. Anxiety, questions and depression were all I could think about when I found out. I had to confront this issue but how?First my biggest concern how far along was I? Second should I have the baby, have an abortion or give it up for adoption? Last how did this happen? Once I confronted the issue with Jeremy we were both scared and angry at each other we ended up breaking up. I was emotional and scared. He was young and immature. I found out I was four months along, this limited my options. I decided to keep the baby. Now she is 15 beautiful and smart. I explained to Jeremy I would be keeping her . We did not talk till I was a little over seven months. I reached my seventh month before we decided together to come up with a solution.We both knew we wanted to be together. uncomplete of us wanted to be without the other but we were so scared and young we didnt contend what to expect. I decided to quit one job and only work two. I had my own apartment so he moved in with me. It was really difficult for us the premier couple of historic period, mostly go for was the issue. Trust is something we both value. Now that we have been married and together for a total of 18 years we look at things differently. We have to keep an open mind and listen to each other. We dont forever and a day get along but we do have respect for each other.Together we have a friendship and a bond that will last us for the rest of our lives. Ideas, thoughts and emotions are always changing just like points of views and expectations. I know now my expectations of Jeremy are completely different for when we first got together. Mezirow identified seven phases occurring in the challenging learning process experiencing a disorienting dilemma, self-examination, critical estimation of assumptions, recognizing that others have gone through a similar process, exploring a process, formulating a plan of action and reintegration.Mezirows self-examination was the biggest and hardest for me in the beginning of our relationship. I felt like we had rushed into having a baby and moving in together. I was questioning myself as well as Jeremy. I felt like I didnt know him well enough but then on the other hand we had created life. I knew I love Jeremy and there was not anyone else I wanted to be with. I just knew he was not make to be a father or a husband at that time.I would look at myself and wonder for the first 3 years we were together and wonder if I made the right preference for me. I had so many plans and Jeremy and my daughter were not in them. Now I look post and I am happy with the choices I made. I just wish I had went to college instead of just working to pay the bills. The transformational learning process created by Mezirow has helped people to identify their problems and life choices. Once you use they processes to figure out the problem you will be able to find the correct solution.

Definition of fallacy Essay Example for Free

Definition of fallacy examineThe author tries to distract the audience from the original issue by bringing up tie in exclusively irrelevant issues. Usually the evidence can be used to support a closely related or similar conclusion. Explanation The author is placing information within the article that is irrelevant to the case. He is bubble of the town ab come out of the closet Mr. Iqbal and the fact he is seeking husking, which is likely to be critical for his claims to go forward. And then lecture about how the government officials arent involved, intercepts. Mr. Iqbal is the center of this article, and everything within it is not entirely about him.They deter and talk about how the render administration is arguing that these government officials are innocent. The issue in the Supreme court is whether these high-ranking officials are protected from having to answer questions of this kind. The Bush administration argues that the officials were not sufficiently involved in the detention policies to be responsible for them. It also maintains that if top government officials were required to comply with such discovery requests, it would interfere with their ability to do their jobs. Argument in Standard Form Point One Bush administration insists the officials are not really involved. Point Two That complying with discovery requests would interfere with their ability to do their jobs. So, the Bush administration should not give a feeble excuse for the government officials to get out of the discovery requests. 2. Name of fallacy Slippery Slope Definition of fallacy When the conclusion rests on an asseverate chain reaction, and there is not sufficient reason to think that the chain reaction will genuinely take place. Explanation of fallacyHere, one is jumping from one thing to another on what may or has happened. Whats to say it will happen again? People can change mint can learn from their mistakes and never commit such a thing again. The twist st ate is in some respects akin to the military-industrial complex in cold-war America (or the Soviet Union), sucking in the rustics wealth, consuming it inefficiently, growing like a cancer, and bequeathing both fiscal crisis and environmental devastation, commented Gavan McCormack, a professor at the Australian National University.The stimulus plans had the arctic effect of what was expected. Appalled at the countrys new deficits, Japanese consumers closed their wallets. Argument in Standard Form Point One The construction state is akin to the military-industrial complex in cold-war America (or the Soviet Union). Point Two The stimulus plans had the opposite effect of what was expected. So, we should not outright assume things will repeat as they did in the past forwards anything has even been tried. 3. Name of fallacy Straw ManDefinition of fallacy Ignores an actual position and presents a reprobate, oversimplified or misrepresented version to make it easier to attack. Explana tion of fallacy The author is saying that while the pecuniary nut house has ruined sleep, our physical and human upper-case letter is unscathed? What does that mean? Its a distorted message. Then the fact they talk about if it hasnt changed, we bracent suffered any capital loss. What if we have suffered some capital loss and the government simply will not let the public dwell about it?This financial chaos has ruined our sleep but left our physical and human capital unscathed. We have the same tillable capacity today we had a year ago. And if our capital hasnt changed, weve suffered no overall capital loss. Argument in Standard Form Point One Financial chaos has ruined our sleep but has left our capital unscathed. Point Two Since we have the same productive capacity today we had a year ago, we should have suffered no capital loss. So, financial chaos happened. It bear on us in more ways than one. Thats it.

Romeo and Juliet - Fight scene Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Fight expression EssayIn the opening of the fight scene the Montague boys atomic number 18 in their car driving towards the gas station messing ab bring out playing their music genuinely loud . in this part of the scene the boys are on the whole laughing and shouting until they pull into the station itself and then take a leak their worst enemies are thither this makes some of the Montague boys precise nervous.The Capulets act as if they are in charge, approximately as if the Montague boys are on their territory. The Montague boys try to intimidate the Capulets by one of the boys biting his thumb at the Capulet boys. This irritates them and this meeting turns into a big brawl and e trulyones flatulences are drawn ending up with everyone being involved.In this scene in that location are many dissimilar sounds all causing different affects some of these sounds are clearer than others being things like the swish of one of the Capulets coats as he swings to enumerate at the Montagues, Tibalts metal heels as he walked they hit off the floor making a very loud noise and could be heard clearly when stepping out of the car, the fire blazing especially when the fire is lit by the match, The gun dropping this was aloud claming sound, when the match is dropped and crushed when Abra grits his teeth. A gun alike hits the tins on the shelf in the garage and this causes the bullets to ricocheted off the sign.There are likewise several occasions in the scene when there are different voices heard there are different tones of voice and also hand over conversations were heard between the players. Near the end of the scene a helicopter was heard from the sky and the legal philosophy siren was also heard . All of these complete the scene and also make it as hammy and intricate as it is. The music in the scene is very important . It gives the scene depth and also dramatic points . It changed a lot during the scene from the Montagues rock music playing in their car when they pulled up to the station to very religious and even very western music.These different types of music shows the real sides of for separately one family and person . the music was chosen to fit the characters for face Benvolio would not be suited to slow neoclassical music where as Tybalt might form away with it . Its like when each different family pulls up there are two different types of music so you can get an idea or hoof up their trade mark if you like of what they are all about. In the fight scene there are two very different styles of family each and every thing completes or adds to their style for manakin we have talked already about the music and attitudes but their dress code is 1 of the key elements.For example the Capulets are very Spanish in their styling with there flowing leather coats, bright waist coats etcetera this is also shown with the way Tybalt move whilst shooting and generally moving about the station. Also on the Capu lets waistcoats were very religious icons but apart from that there style of clothing was mainly black. In direct tune the Montague boys were complete opposite dressing very casual and beach like accommodate their location this include brightly colour Hawaiian style beach shirts and shorts. GCSE English media assignment Love sceneIn the opening of the love scene the Capulets are having a party, distinguish of a live show it is very slow and romantic Romeo has taken a pill and feels a bit dehydrated so he decides to go to the bathroom whilst he is in the bathroom he notices a fish armoured combat vehicle and starts to look at it in a bit closer detail, whilst looking into the tank he notices Juliet through the tank and it is love at first sight . the fish tank is made up of blue and scandalmongering fish just like the colours of the cars in the fight scene when Romeo and Juliet meet the fish drift together representing a join of the families as they are supposed to be worst ene mies .The two of them tolerate each other and follow each other through the tank for a while until the restrain calls and Juliet is dragged away. Romeo then follows Juliet out and Juliet is ordered to dance with Paris. Whilst Juliet is dancing Romeo watches and talks to Juliet about them meeting. they both wait trough the song finishes and run to the lift where they shares there first kiss together and then many more than(prenominal) whilst they are kissing the nurse walks in and tells Juliet that her mother seeks her . Romeo and Juliet are both shocked to find out their true love is yet their worst enemy.In this scene there are many different sounds but yet totally different to the last scene we studied the sounds in this scenes are farthermost more romantic and dramatic for example the music is very slow and peace full suiting the scene very well. When they both run to the lift the music changes slightly as it sort of get your heart going as if they are taking a naughty risk and being sort of childish in away. The other sounds in the scene consist of the lift doors dinging when they shut adding to the dramatic lay out and also the sound of the feet running a yearn the corridor.There are also a lot more conversations and voices heard in this scene most of which are either very loud or very quite for example whispering or even mumbling of the crowd. There are also lots of different types of shots involved in this scene for example there are lots of close ups, long shots, double headers and over the shoulder shots these are all used during some point of the scene. some where. As they give more dramatic or romantic feels to the scene fitting in perfectly. An example of a close up is in the lift where Romeo and Juliet share their first kiss and the camera circles them giving the fantasy of it lasting longer.All of these different shots complete the scene and the dramatic features it needs are all included. These all help us to understand the scene better . There is a wide range of costumes in this scene all with a meaning and they seam to represent for example Romeo as Juliets knight in twinkling armour and Juliet as his angel. In the scene they are both dressed very appropriately for each other but dont realise that their true love is their worst enemy. This is the first meting but what they dont realise is that it is also the beginning of the end.

Modern Britain Essay Example for Free

Modern Britain EssayBeing able to come to a plausible conclusion about this statement could be quite hard due to the many definitions of religion and secularisation in the first place. There are so many contrasting definitions for these that defining it correctly erstwhile arent the case. However secularisation is overall seen to be the decline in importance given to religion. Wilson put antecedent the idea that religion has declined and is now less important / influential in society than it was in the past. This was know as the secularisation thesis. Wilson focuses on statistical evidence relating to unearthly institutions and their activity.Church attendance statistics are utilise for evidence of secularisation in the UK and these vary and show big differences. The fall and rise of statistics in different areas show that religion has little influence today. Interpretive sociologists say that these statistics should be treated with caution as statistics for previous cent uries whitethorn be inaccurate as data wasnt collected as well as it is today, the golden myth is not accurate and it could be misleading. On the other hand present statistics may not either be reliable as different religious organisations could have different numerate methods to one another and also previous centuries.Bellah questions the validity of statistics, as they dont show the full picture e. g. a person attending church doesnt have to mean that they are religious. He says that religion is a cliquish experience and cannot be measured for most sight. Statistical evidence only tells us about connection in certain institutionalised religions, not religious belief / practice as a whole. Wilson suggests that keen-sighted thinking in the shape of science has replaced religious influence in our lives because scientific progress has resulted in higher living standards.Science has also come up with convincing explanations for phenomena which were once given by religious organisa tions e. g. how the world was created. People have therefore become increasingly disenchanted with religion. However people say that Wilson maybe overemphasising the influence of rationality, evidence tells us that people at times prefer religious explanations to scientific explanations. Social attitude surveys tell us that 70% of the UK population profess a imbibe belief in god. Many people subscribe to quasi religious concepts such as constituent or fate.There has been a decline in commitment to beliefs. Membership of high commitment organisations has for the most part decreased and low commitment organisations membership has increased. The popularity of some cults may be explained by the fact that they do not demand a great deal of commitment. Wilson argues that the church is no longer involved in important areas of social life such as politics. He says that politicians have no interest in making sure their policies meet with the approval of religious leaders.The media is more likely to have an impact and broadcast people rather than the church. Wilson says that the church has become disengaged from the wider society and only plays a marginal role in modern society. However critics say that religion is slake a major provider of education and eudaimonia in society today. The media still shows a great interest in religious issues such as women priests or the Church of Englands attitudes to homosexuality. National religious ceremonies such as the funeral of Princess Diana suggest that the sacred might still be important.

Ambiguity of a Written Contract in Australia

Ambiguity of a Written Contract in AustraliaDo you think that a written train must be doubtful before an Australian court may hear adjoin wad grounds?In order to answer the question, I think it fit to discuss the principles for interpret written commercial message edits.Principles of InterpretationInterpretation of a written pledge involves establishing the parties bargain. This involves an discernment of express and unverbalised damage in compacts and is of the utmost importance as these interpretations depart impact a partys sub judice rights and obligations.An object lens approach must always be used in the interpretation of a commercial contract and the meaning of terms determined by what a reasonable businessperson would have understood those terms to mean if it was in the position of the parties at the time the contract was made.1The process of interpretation may aim an probe of the text, the context and the get of the transaction in order to establish the ba rgain between parties.2 In the event that a contract is unambiguous, the process of interpretation may be concluded by an investigation of the text alone however, this is not always possible or indeed the case, and the process of interpretation shoots an understanding of the context, commercial purpose and object of the transaction.3As to the question of text, the exact meaning of the words used and their legal effect on the parties must be established. The contract must be given its natural and normal meaning unless that meaning would create an absurdity or inconsistency4. The interpretation of text may involve a review of the contract itself, the language used, including definitions and grammar, and maxims or cannons of interpretation which, amongst others, take interpreting the contract document as a whole, giving effect to all parts of the contract, and precedence of special and terms and conditions over everyday provisions.An investigation of the context of a transaction ha s been described as the matrix of accompaniment5 and it requires an understanding of the transactions genesis, background particulars and ultimate purpose.I will discuss below the admissibility of evidence of touch circumstances external to the contract.The fight and UncertaintyThere has been considerable debate in Australian courts opineing the extent to which recourse may be had to evidence of environ circumstances in construing contracts, in light of mason Js true territory in Codelfa.Much controversy exists in Australian courts in relation to the decision in Codelfa crook Pty Ltd v press out check Authority of crude South Wales (Codelfa)6 and recent Australian in high spirits move decisions, videlicet electricity contemporaries Corporation v Woodside zippo (Woodside)7 and Mount Bruce archeological site Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting (Mount Bruce)8 in consider of the extent to which a court may hear evidence of surround circumstances evidence without thither be ing ambiguity.Perhaps as a consequence of the conflict raised in respect of Mason Js judgement in Codelfa, it is also arguable whether the judgment advocates a literal (the text being dominant) or contextual (requires background against which words are used) approach to contract interpretation.Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales Is evidence of skirt circumstances admissible in the interpretation of a contract without there being any ambiguity in the language of the contract?A crystalline starting point for any inquiry as to the above question and the role of ambiguity as a possible threshold or gateway should start with that s charge by Mason J in Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (Codelfa)9The true rule is that evidence of surrounding circumstances is admissible to assist in the interpretation of the contract if the language is ambiguous or susceptible of more than one meaning. But it is not admissible to co ntradict the language of the contract when it has a plain meaning.At first glance, Mason Js true rule appears to affirm a cat valium view and often cited reason by the judiciary that any use of evidence of surrounding circumstances to assist in the interpretation of a contract is strictly banned unless ambiguity can be shown in the language of the contract. This view supports the proposition of an ambiguity gateway10, that gateway existing to condition the admissibility of evidence of surrounding circumstances where there is ambiguity.Codelfa an alternative interpretationAn alternative interpretation lies in the suggestion that what in fact Mason J give tongue to as the true rule at page 352 of Codelfa is in fact in unison with the rest of his analysis.A careful review of Mason Js judgement (with whom Stephen and Wilson JJ agreed), specifically at pages 347 to 352 reveals that in the preceding paragraphs to the backwardness of the true rule, Mason J endorses and accepts the admi ssibility of evidence of surrounding circumstances to aid in the proper construction of a contract, as words are rarely ever isolate from the context in which they were set.11 Mason J quotes from various passages of previous judgments, repeatedly emphasising the admissibility of whilst confirming that evidence of surrounding circumstances cannot be used for ascertaining a partys subjective intentions.The true rule could therefore be interpret as simply confirming Mason Js view that evidence of surrounding circumstances can in fact be admitted toIdentify the meaning of a descriptive term12Clarify the genesis and purpose of the transaction13 andAid in clarifying ambiguous language in the contract14so long as the surrounding circumstances are not used to contradict and change the plain meaning of the contract language used.In summary and based on the above, the true rule is better interpreted as meaning that evidence of surrounding circumstances is admissible when the language is amb iguous.Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy LtdThe case involved an obligation by one of the parties to use reasonable endeavours and the luxuriously hook confirmed that reasonable endeavours are not absolute or unconditional in nature and stated that some(prenominal) contracts expressing an obligation to use reasonable endeavours contain their own internal standard of what is reasonable, by some express reference relevant to the business interests15 This meant that Woodside recognised the fluid nature of reasonable endeavours which would inherently require an investigation of all background facts and thereby allowing or even requiring the inclusion of evidence of surrounding circumstances.Whilst the racy Court did not straightway address the controversy surrounding the true rule it has recognised the prey approach to contract interpretation and affirmed the mandatory16 nature of the requirement to consider the text used and the surrounding information, as well as the context and genesis of the transaction, including the market conditions in which the parties are operating.17Construing a commercial contract so as to avoid it making commercial nonsense andintended for the contract to produce a commercial result.18 I interpret this statement as confirming that all relevant information is admissible, will require consideration and therefore does not rule out evidence of surrounding circumstances to both resolve or establish an ambiguity.Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty LtdThe most recent authority of the High Court dealing with admissibility of evidence, delivered in 2015. It was common ground that the contract was ambiguous and the judgment did not directly tackle or resolve the ambiguity gateway question.19 Instead, it reiterated previously agreed contract interpretation approaches that include reference to objective background information, setting and context in order to interpret a commercial contract so as to avoid i t making commercial nonsense or working commercial inconvenience.20Judgments made confirm that the commercial purpose of a transaction is a primary consideration of contract interpretation. It reveals that whilst, the ambiguity gateway question was not directly resolved, it nevertheless reaffirms that resolution of ambiguity may be achieved by reference to all background surrounding circumstances.The judges affirmed that nothing in their deliberation was intended to state any departure from the integrity as set out in Codelfa and Woodside.21 stopping pointCodelfa made an authoritative statement which, properly construed, illustrates a contextual interpretation of contracts in which, beyond the unprejudiced grammatical interpretation of words devoid of context, the interpretation of the contract is informed by evidence of surrounding circumstances and an interrogation of the context and relevant background to find the objective purpose of the transaction.I regard Woodside and Mount Bruce decisions as being consistent with Mason Js true rule and overall judgment in Codelfa (with whom Stephen and Wilson JJ agreed) as well as Brennan Js views and judgment22 in the same case. The supposed requirement in Codelfa which prevents the admission of evidence of surrounding circumstances unless there is ambiguity, the so called ambiguity gateway has not been confirmed by the High Court.An alternative interpretation of Codelfa also reconciles with the decisions in Woodside and Mount Bruce.Mason Ls comments in Codelfa where he stated that a distinction between reliance on surrounding circumstances to raise or resolve an ambiguity is perhaps more apparent than real23 may shed light in respect of where Australian law is or should be heading in respect of admission of evidence of surrounding circumstances.Finally, until the High Court affirms its position it will no doubt lead to continuing controversy.Word count 15201 Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640 at 352 Ibid3 Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd 2015 HCA 37 at 474 Sir Kim Lewison David Hughes, The Interpretation of Contracts in Australia, Thomson Reuters, 2012, 55 See Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd 2015 HCA 37 at 108 and Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 at 3516 Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 3377 Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 6408 Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd 2015 HCA 379 Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 at 35210 Daniel Reynolds, Construction of Contracts after Mount Bruce Mining v Wright Prospecting (2016) 90 Australian justice Journal 19011 Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 at 347-35212 Ibid at 35113 Ibid14 Ibid 352 ref er to Mason Js true rule statement15 Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640 at 41-4316 See mandatory requirement it will require consideration in Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640 at 3517 Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640 at 3518 Ibid19 See Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd 2015 HCA 37, at 52, 113 and 11820 Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd 2015 HCA 37 at 50-5121 Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd 2015 HCA 37 at 5222 Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 at 40123 Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 at 350

The Use Of Skype Education Essay

The Use Of Skype Education EssayThe rapid proceeds and interest of college schoolchilds in Computer Mediated communication and social media has impacted the se sneakd spoken voice communication encyclopaedism and t from each aceing process. This study is a reflection of a pedagogic perplex that attempts to analyze the physical exercise of Skype as a contemporary Communication tool in regards to the attitudes of students in go overedness a unlike language when moveing with autochthonal speakers and engage in discourse. The instrumentalists argon Spanish opposed language students at Fordham University in juvenile York City and side of meat foreign language speakers at a Jesuit University in Bogot, Colombia. Students were paired up and were undeniable to set up online conference run acrosss.The takingss of this pilot project suggest that students felt to a bullyer extent evoke to engage in conversation with native speakers and exchange personal and academic i nformation as surface as a nonher(prenominal) aspects of their gardening using the tar live language rather than completing language inquiry lab activities or writing compositions.Key words Computer mediated communication, Skype, socio-ethnical competency, synchronous communicationEl basso continuo inters y la rpida evolucin de la comunicacin a travs de la tecnologa y las redes sociales en estudiantes universitarios han transformado el proceso de enseanza y aprendizaje de los idiomas extranjeros. Este estudio es una reflexin de una experiencia pedaggica que busca analizar el uso de Skype como una herramienta de comunicacin sincrnica en cuanto a las actitudes de los estudiantes en el proceso de aprendizaje de un idioma extranjero con la interaccin de estudiantes que son hablantes nativos para participar activamente en conversaci unitarys. Los participantes de este proyecto son estudiantes de espaol como idioma extranjero en Fordham University en la Ciudad de Nueva York y estudia ntes de ingls como idioma extranjero en una universidad jesuita en la ciudad de Bogot, Colombia. Los estudiantes fueron emparejados con el propsito de organizar sesi champions en lnea y hablar usando el idioma que estn aprendiendo.Los resultados de este proyecto piloto indi gouge que los estudiantes se sintieron more(prenominal) thanos ms interesados en conversar con hablantes nativos para intercambiar informacin personal, acadmica y cultural haciendo uso del idioma que estn aprendiendo en lugar de hacer ejercicios y escribir composiciones en el laboratorio de idiomas.Palabras clave comunicacin a travs de la tecnologa, Comunicacin Sincrnica, Competencias Socio Culturales, SkypeIntroductionAs a young college language instructor, I find myself always trying to countenance my students with opportunities in which they can learn a real number purpose of using L2 (foreign language) outside the conventional tierroom where action is often lessen to their peers and instructor. The id ea of this project was to encourage my students to speak via Skype with other college Spanish native speakers with like-minded interests - conductstyle, culture, learning, and food -through the use of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC). The idea of this project started in one of my graduate courses at Fordham University when I had to check over a sample of Jesuit undergrad students and their likelihood to interact with their surrounding community. Fordham Universitys main campus is set(p) in the Bronx. The New York Botanical Garden and the Bronx Zoo surround the campus. However, Fordhams main campus is located in a community where there is a large low income Hispanic and African American population whereas the demographics at Fordham is to the highest degreely a white upper middle mannikin student organic structure. The survey aimed to understand how much interaction existed amid these devil communities Fordham students and the surrounding community. Based on the results of the survey, most of the students prefer to spend their supernumerary era either on campus or in Manhattan. I alike realized that specifically my Spanish students would not income tax return advantage of the Hispanic population to practice their Spanish skills as they felt side of meat would be an easier way to top. Consequently, I popular opinion that as a language instructor, I would need to interpret my students with a setting in which they feel comfort commensurate and make use of the target language specifically with native speakers who arrest similar interests or experience similar learning conditions.This article summarizes a pedagogical experience with the purpose of sharing with other language colleagues how I started and structured the project and it also reflects upon its outcomes. belles-lettres ReviewComputer Mediated Communication (CMC)CMC is defined as the process of creating, exchanging, and perceiving information via networked telecommunications systems facilitating the encoding, transmitting, and decoding of messages (Romiszowski Mason, n.d.). CMC was the result of linking opposite computers and having people interact by sharing messages and data. CMC spread rapidly and it allowed people from geographically dispersed locations to communicate replacing traveling and Face-to-Face (FtF) meetings with more efficient ways to instantly communicate. Different studies fetch shown that FtF gatherings give speakers with higher positions or power in whatsoever organization a larger mess of speech clock time opus CMC meetings offer an equal share of the meeting participation (Walther, 1996.) juvenile(prenominal) studies, on the contrary, suggests that CMC does not contribute to active participation because it is assumed that in some CMC discussions a few members look out over the floor and the rest of the members become lurkers or passive recipients. both offline and online discussions provoke passive recipients this implies th at CMC does not reprove active participation and learning (Romiszowski Mason, n.d.).Allowing students to interact with others considering their mutual interests and giving them the freedom to make their own choices when learning a foreign language is essential to motivate them. Bastidas (2002) proposes integrative and instrumental motivation affecting foreign language learners. On one hand, integrative motivation suggests the interest of learners in the community and culture that involves the s language. Instrumental motivation, on the other hand, refers to the specific goals of the students. Bastidas also shows the communicative need to use any foreign language as an aspect affecting learners motivation. He explains that many language students feel demotivated to learn a foreign language because they think the L2 is neither important nor profitable for them. Additionally, more than a real spirit experience, I wanted this project to be an exposure to the target language with na tive speakers. Fordham University is located in a highly populated Hispanic community in the Bronx. Unfortunately, many Fordham students do not military issue advantage of this opportunity to practice Spanish with native speakers. Noam Chomskys innatist theory (Lightbown Spada, 1993) suggests that after that critical period of human beings to learn a second language, remark exposure is essential to gain L2 proficiency. For this reason, a project including input exposure with native speakers would stimulate students interest in engaging in conversations using the target language.Synchronous and Asynchronous CommunicationThe continuous growth of Internet-based communication and college students interest in social media and networking seems to have a greater impact in the way they interact with others nowadays. These types of communication can be Synchronous or Asynchronous. Synchronous Communication or real-time communication refers to face-to-face discussions among people, wherea s Asynchronous Communication (delayed communication) suggests a evidentiary time delay among receiving and sending messages (Romiszowski Mason, n.d.). Hence, the inclusion of a computer-based activity and synchronous communication in my instruction was necessary in order to encourage and engage my students in the L2 learning process. I deal that real time communication would allow learners to provide instant feedback to each other, to emotionally bond, and to be spontaneous. consort to Celce-Murcia (2001), the use of media in language classes only brings the outside world to the classroom and makes the learning process more exciting and significant. Nevertheless, the only purpose of this project was not the improvement of L2 speaking proficiency but it also aimed to raise awareness in students well-nigh other cultures. In other words, I wanted to get ahead and instill values of inclusion, tolerance, and diversity as a principle of life in this globalized world. Teaching cultu re in a language class results in better communicators of L2. Culture is understood as body language, gestures, concepts of time, traditions, and expressions of friendliness. Consequently, linguistic proficiency is not enough for a second language learner social cultural competence is fundamental for a more proficient and effective L2 speaker. Hymes (1996)1also stresses the importance of socio cultural competence by saying that an individual who is not aware of the letness norms accepted in a unyielding community is likely to be placed in a position of inequality.Similar ProjectsOther instructors and universities have implemented and explored a similar project, like the one I proposed at Fordham University, with positive results. Dickens (2009) divided up an experience of two classes (one from the US and the other from Italy) in which students were initially paired up and required to interact with their partners discussing astir(predicate) divergent aspects of their life and cl asses topics using Twitter. After a couple of months the instructors decided that it would be appropriate to have them interact on video chat using Skype. Dickens report about the experience is positive. Students were able to communicate in the target language and to simultaneously multitask (surf on Facebook, share videos on YouTube, Google information, etc.) Alas, most of the session was held in the students native language. In a different experiment, Carney (2008) started a project in which an side class interacted with a Japanese class through the use of blogs, wikis, Skype text, voice, and video chat and the exchange of home-cured DVDs movies. Skype sessions in general were set up so that four English class students talk with one Japanese student. Each English class student had to prepare different questions to ask their Japanese partner. about of the Japanese students were not able to speak due to the escape of web cams and computers. In general, this was a great experience for these students. The author recognizes the importance of CMC and its impact in foreign language classes.Project Objectives at that place were three major objectives identified at the beginning of this pilot project which allow serve as an opinion of the achieved goalsProvide students with a length in which they can practice their listening and speaking skills in the L2 with native speakers by means of interactive and contextualized conversations online.Encourage students to learn from their partners culture, country, and traditions.Give the students the opportunity to interact in real life situations using the target language.Participating InstitutionsThe two participating institutions are private higher education universities under the Cura Personalis (care of the other) philosophy and Jesuit Tradition.Fordham University is the Jesuit University in New York City. Fordhams Department of styles and Literatures requires undergraduate students to take up to five levels of a fo reign language aiming to develop the linguistic proficiency and cultural competence of Fordham students.The Colombian University in Bogota is a Jesuit University offering its community with quality Catholic education. The Department of Languages offers an undergraduate program qualifying its students to become language teachers.ParticipantsA total of 50 students participated in this project. The participants are students from Fordham University (25 students) and from a Jesuit University in Bogota, Colombia (25 students.)Fordham University students are English native speakers learning Spanish in high novice level courses. Students in Colombia are Spanish native speakers in intermediate English courses. It is important to polish off that Fordham students are studying Spanish (or any foreign language offered at the Department) as a mandatary language course during five (5) academic semesters. Some of them might want to minor in this language. The students at the Colombian university are future language teachers who are majoring in English. Fordham students age in average is 19 years old whereas their online partners age in Colombia raged between 20 to 45 years old. The technological skills of the students were not considered when implementing this project.Pedagogical ProposalThis pedagogical experience attempts to determine if there is any relationship between the death penalty of Internet-based Synchronous Communication and the interest of foreign language students and native speakers to engage in conversation and learn about their culture.In order to start this project, a written proposal was submitted to the soften of the Fordhams Department of Languages and Literatures and the Spanish Language Coordinator. In this document, objectives, description, proposed activities, projected timeline, proposed partners, and their responsibilities of the whole project were specified. The Chair at Fordham University had two important concerns about this initiative 1. sa fety of students and 2. feasibility of the project. With the support of the Faculty Technology Center at Fordham University, I was able to persuade the Chair that there were no risks associated with the use of Skype for educational purposes and that its viability was directly related to the collaboration of the other university and the participation of the students. I should note that at Fordham University, foreign language students are required to attend the language research lab two hours every week. For that reason, I decided to merge this project within the laboratory activities grade. As part of the curriculum at the Department of Modern Languages, language students are required to go to the language laboratory one hour a week. During this time (students are free to decide when to go to the laboratory from Monday to Saturday in a specific schedule) students listen to the audio section of their workbook as well as they grapple different grammar exercises on line as part of the ir course evaluation. Roger Goodson (2005) states that some faculty members and administrators are normally resistant to include technology in their instruction because of time constraints, their demanding academic workload, drop of training, and insufficient research proving the effectiveness of E-learning. It is common to see some institutions still reluctant to explore technological changes in instruction, as it was the example of San Jose State University (SJSU.) The Associate Vice-President of San Jose State University proposed to ban Skype at the University implying that Skype might infect the institutions computers with viruses and that Skype might upset students and professors in the classrooms. virtuoso faculty member expressed his concern and cal conduct the institution luddite about this issue and explained the reasons wherefore Skype should not be banned 1. Skype allows communicating at no cost with other colleagues around the world, 2. There are many international s tudents who might use Skype to communicate with other students, and 3. Foreign Language instructors have started to use Skype to have their students communicate with other students who are native speakers of the language they are learning Shaw (2006.)When the Chair of the Department at Fordham approved this pilot project, I immediately contacted different universities in Colombia. However, I ideal that it would be a good idea to work with other university under the same Jesuit philosophy. Fortunately, a Jesuit University in Bogota, Colombia responded with great interest and eagerness in starting the project as curtly as possible. The Chair of the Department of Modern Languages in Colombia designated his English Speaking Advanced class to take part in this linguistic experiment. The groups were not chosen based on any specific criteria. My two Spanish courses would participate in this project. At the Jesuit University in Colombia, the Chair chose that specific class because he was the professor in charge and had asked his students about their interest in partaking in this initiative, which had a positive answer by the students. I clarified that this was intended to be a pilot project, which if it were to result with positive outcomes could be institutionalized by Fordhams Department, or at least it would encourage other instructors interested in creating a similar online community with their students. Community Development in general refers to the notion of people living sloshed by to each other, face-to-face interactions, companionship, and support at different levels (Wellman, 1999.) However, in online communities the lack of physical location, verbal, and signed cues implies impersonal relationships not able to build a community. However, other studies suggest that online communities can be reinforced if participants have similar interests regardless their physical location they might find as an obstacle to communicate Face-to-Face (Romiszowski Maso n, n.d.).Once the project was presented and approved by the two universities, it was necessary to establish a fool set of stages and assigned responsibilities to each instructor in order to launch this initiative. gameboard 1 describes the different stages that were considered.TaskObservationsPerson in chargeOutlining responsibilitiesA list of responsibilities was outlined and shared to students, professors, and administrators.Instructor at Fordham University.Pairing up studentsIt was easier for the instructor in Colombia to pair the students as he had more students in his class than I did in with my two classes.Instructor at the Colombian University.Choosing topics for each sessionBoth instructors agree that each session should focus on content, culture, and grammatical structures, which would reinforce the topics, learned in classroom.Both instructors. circumstance up a chronogramConsidering that the end of the semester was coming soon for both universities, it was important to use the time wisely.Both instructors.Table 1. Stages of the ProjectThe first step was to inform all the participants (instructors, students, and administrators) about their responsibilities regarding this project as shown in Table 2.InstructorsPair up students based on their proficiency levelMonitor that students are care their Skype meetingMake sure that students are respectful with their peers timeRemind students to be punctual conclude the topics the students will be discussingCommunicate with the other instructors if there are doubts or suggestionsProvide a space for the students with the necessary technology to access to SkypeStudentsBe punctualSpeak only the language they are required to speak during the session.Prepare enough questions to carry out the conversation.Submit a screen shot of their Skype conversation in order to confirm that they actually had a conversation with their assigned partner and the required time for each sessionAdministratorsEstablish the partnership b etween the two universitiesAttend the on line meeting in December to analyze the effectiveness of the projectTable 2. Participants ResponsibilitiesParticipants received an email with their respective responsibilities. Consequently, a list of Fordham students was sent to my colleague in Colombia. He was in charge of pairing up his students with mine. His class was considerably bigger (in terms of number of students) compared to my two classes together at Fordham. There were not any specific criteria when pairing up the students it was just a simple matching exercise from two rosters. Then, each student received an email with a list in which they would find their matches for the fours sessions. The list included label and emails. The final stage of the project required each instructor to choose the topics. It was the responsibility of each professor to decide the topics students would be discussing in every session. Each session was expected to last approximately 15 to 20 minutes an d it was expected to be conducted by students as follows use of the target language antecedently determined (English or Spanish), personal introductions (as every session they were paired up with different partners), discussion of a previously determined topic. The topics varying from academic structure, personal interests, gastronomy, etc. were carefully selected so that students have a wide exposure to new vocabulary, expressions, and especially culture. The sessions were organized as shown in Table 3.SessionLanguageTopicIn chargeOneSpanishExchange personal information (names, hobbies, favorite food, sports they practice) alike get to know about each other. Understand how easy or difficult is to learn English or Spanish.FordhamTwoEnglish liken academic structures from their schools and the differences of educational system.University in ColombiaThreeSpanishCompare lifestyle, culture, gastronomy, and currencies.FordhamFourEnglishUnderstand how languages are taught in the US from elementary school through the university.University in ColombiaTable 3. Organization of the SessionsStudents were required to prepare questions and organize their ideas in order to have a meaningful conversation during the avocation week. Furthermore, each Fordham student was required to snap a screenshot of their Skype conversation records as a proof that they did Skype with their assigned partners. All the conversations were set up by each student at different times and days (within a week period) this with the purpose of giving students the opportunity to organize their crabbed time and also to give students a sense of belonging to the project.One important aspect to mention is that the administrators did not ever set up a meeting to discuss the outcomes or implications of the project due to the lack of time. When the project was over the university in Colombia was already in winter break.FindingsIn this section, the advantages and weaknesses during the completion of the proj ect will be described. In addition, I will mention the opinions and thoughts of 18 participant students who were surveyed after the project was finished. kickoff the project was somehow challenging due to the lack of time and the resistance of the administrators to approve the project. Additionally, the communication between the two universities was slow. As it was previously mentioned, each student was randomly paired up with another one from the other university. In order to set up their online meetings they emailed each other. Students reported that their partner did not respond their emails in a timely fashion or kept postponing the meeting, and some others never got an answer from their partner. One student said I thought it was very interesting and cool to learn about the life of a complete stranger Sometimes communication was difficult but it was a good experience. This queer a big part of the students because it did not allow them to ever experience a conversation My stude nt never answered my emails so we were not able to talk via Skype. A student added. Sometimes there were problems related to technological issues and Internet connection, which prevented students to have voice conversations. Nonetheless, students opted to chat instead. A great part of participants described their Skyping go through as interesting and fun. In their own words they said I found it extremely useful and fun. It was very interesting to speak with my partner and I believe that she and I will probably go by speaking even though the assignment has finished. I would definitely do it again and hope I have the chance to in the future. Another student added I did enjoy interacting with a student from another country. I found it relatively easy to understand her but harder to express my own ideas. No intimacy the skill level or level of success, I think it is always helpful though to get practice speaking with someone who knows the language so well. Each session was supposed to last between 15 to 20 minutes. However, most of the sessions ended up exceeding this time limit because they truly enjoyed conversing with their peers. Other students thought it was rude to conclude a conversation in only 15 minutes and they allowed more time to this activity even if they were only text chatting. Only one student requested to be given a different Skype partner. One of them was more than 20 years older than the other participant creating an uncomfortable environment in the younger student. Based on the student at Fordham, her Skype partner do her feel uncomfortable as in their first email that they had exchanged, the student in Colombia had expressed that he had physical issues that prevented him of speaking. He was asking to have someone else participate in the sessions. The student at Fordham thought it was not a good idea and as a Fordham professor I am not allowed to ask her to do something when she has expressed that it makes her feel uncomfortable. Therefor e a new Skype partner was assigned to her. throughout the development of the project some students, who were able to set up their online meetings, expressed during class that they were bonding while many others felt discouraged because they never had the opportunity to speak.It is important to note that this pilot project has led to a possible partnership between Fordham University and AUSJAL (Asociacin de Universidades Confiadas a la Compaa de Jess en Amrica Latina), which is an Association of Jesuit Universities in Latin America. A representative from AUSJAL has contacted me with the purpose to start a possible project in which these types of online environments would benefit students from various Jesuit universities in South America and the united States.Opinions of the ParticipantsA number of 18 participants in this project completed an online survey on Survey potter around (www.surveymonkey.com) about three different aspects regarding the development of the project as shown i n Table 4 and Table 5. The third aspect was an open-ended question in order to understand the opinions of the students and their likelihood to participate again in a future similar project. Surveymonkey.com provides users with free web-based surveys. I chose this website because the website helps you to create any type of survey with predetermined formats. Additionally, Surveymonkey.com does not require a software installation, everything is self-explanatory and most importantly the basic features are free.Based on the answers from Table 4, it can be inferred that after different Skype sessions, students mostly learned about their partners culture regarding personal information, similar interests, and education. The results suggest that students in general were not able to exchange as much information as expected about their regions food, their schools academic structure, and quality of life in their countries.1. Which of the following aspects do you think Skype sessions helped you learn about your partners culture?Completely disagreeSomehow disagree reconcileSomehow agreeCompletely agreeFood27,3%27,3%9,1%27,3%9,1%Education0,0%8,3%33,3%25,0%33,3%Academic Structure16,7%8,3%33,3%33,3%8,3%Personal info8,3%0,0%25,0%8,3%58,3%Similar Interests0,0%0,0%41,7%33,3%25,0%Quality of Life8,3%25,0%41,7%16,7%8,3%Table 4. Cultural AppreciationAccording to Table 5, students seemed to have a greater difficulty trying to set up a Skype session with their partners than expressing their ideas and carrying out spontaneous conversations. Additionally, participants also believed that understanding their partners ideas was challenging.2. Considering that your Skype partners were college students with similar interests but they were people you did not know, to what degree was it easy or difficult to interact with them using the language you are learning?Very easyEasy bafflingVery DifficultUnderstand your partners ideas25,0%16,7%50,0%8,3%Set up a Skype session16,7%8,3%33,3%41,7%Carry ou t a spontaneous conversation25,0%25,0%16,7%33,3%Express your ideas8,3%33,3%25,0%33,3%Table 5. Degree of Difficulty in CommunicationFinally, based on the surveyed student responses, it can be inferred that most of the participants thought that the Skype Project with a foreign country did allow them to learn something new about another culture. Many students were surprised that, different from the US, the majority of Colombian college students live with their parents when they attend college. Also, students at Javeriana University do not use their institutional email account as frequently as many American college students do. In general, participants felt that the project was much more fun than going to the language laboratory and writing compositions. Although, they expressed that communication was somehow difficult due to technological inconveniences (e.g. Internet connection, time flexibility, lack of web cam), participants acknowledged the importance of getting to know people from other countries who are native speakers. close to of the participants agreed that setting up meetings was by far the most tedious part of the project because of their busy schedule, their lack of interest of some participants, and the fact that they were talking to, in literal words, a complete stranger. In addition, the idea to participate in a similar project seems to be a viable one for many of them because they think these types of experiences forced them out of their comfort zone. Unfortunately, some other students were not able to provide any feedback because they were never able to speak with their Skype partner because they never got a response to set up a meeting.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe idea of this pilot project between Fordham University and the Jesuit University in Colombia was to understand if Internet-based Synchronous Communication would motivate